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1、Unit 2 Grammar,Main and Subordinate Clauses （主句和从句）,主句 主句包含有一个谓语，它是一个独立的句 子，可以作为一个句子单独存在。 The girl laughed.（主谓） He likes English. The boy is a student.,主语,谓语,主,谓,宾,主,系,表,从句,从句也有主语和谓语但是不能单独使用， 它必须和主句连用才有意义，通常它由一 个连接词来引导。 按各从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性 从句（主句从句、表语从句、宾语从句、 同位语从句），状语从句和定语从句,1.主语从句,在复合句中从当句子主语的从句叫主语从
2、句。谓 语动词之前。通常由that,whether,what ,which, who,whom,whose等疑问连词引导。一般情况 下，常用it代替主语从句，而将主语从句移到句 尾。构成“It+be+n/adj+that/when/where ”引导 的真正主语从句结构,1). When we should start is still a question. 2). Its still unknown when we will go abroad,2.表语从句,在复合句中位于系动词之后。,一“be“: 四“变“: 五“感官“:,is am are was were,get become tu
3、rn go,feel taste smell sound look,1). That is why he did not come to school yesterday. 2). It seems that he has known the truth.,3.宾语从句,在复合句中作及物动词或介词或表人的心 情的形容词的宾语。,1）They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings. 2) It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow. 3) Im afr
4、aid he isnt in at the moment.,4.同位语从句,在复合句中从当同位语成分，一般跟在一些抽象 名词（如：idea,belief,fact,truth,problem,news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明,The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 电脑可以辨认出人声的主意使很多人吃惊,5.状语从句,在复合句中作状语，其位置可以在主句前 或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、 原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等 几种。状语从句由从属连接引导。,1.When y
5、ou finish the work ,you may go out to play with Sam. 2.Go back where you came from！ 3.He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. 4.He got up earlier so that he could the first train.,时间状语从句，常用现在是替代将来时(主将从现）,哪来还滚哪去！（地点状语从句）,原因状语从句,目的状语从句,5.He lost so many bikes that he dec
6、ided never to buy a new one. 6.I dont have as many books as you do. 7. He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. 8. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking.,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,他穿了一件T恤衫，尽管天很冷（让步状语从句）,条件状语从句，常用现在时替代将来时(主将从现）,6.定语从句,在复合句中作定语，用于修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,1.The man who has an umbrella in hi
7、s hand is my uncle.,(,),被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的 连接词称为关系词，其中that,which,who,whom, whose,as称为关系代词,where,when,why为关系副词,2. This is the place _ they had a quarrel a week ago.,这是一个星期前他们吵架的地方,where,关系副词when 或where引导定语从句时，它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语,This is the place _ they visited a week ago.,that/which,这里的关系代词that/w
8、hich在从句中作宾语,3.All that Lily told me seems untrue,(,),莉莉告诉我的话似乎不真实。 当先行词是指事物的不定代词，如;all;anything 等；或先行词部分含有最高级或序数词或先行 词既有人又有物时，只能用that引导,4.This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. = This is the room that Miss Li once lived in.,当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，必须用which 或whom,而当介词移到句尾时，则可以使用 that或who,1.I dont know t
9、he reason _you were absent from the meeting, but I am sure that someone will tell me the season _ you havent told me. A.why;that B.that; why c.because;which D.of which;that 2._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B.That C.When D.If,A,定语从句,B,主语从句,3.The painter lived m
10、ore than a decade in Europe, _he could be in close touch with other artists A.Where B.how C.when D.which 4.After five hours drive, they reached _they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of. A.What B.which C.when D.that 5.There is no doubt _ China is always trying to keep world peace and against any war. A.that B.whether C.if D.when,A,宾语从句,D,非限制性定语从句,A,同位语从句,
