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1、Chen Xinren 025-51983822,An Introduction to English Linguistics,精品课程“英语语言学” http:/www. 天空教室,Course objectives:,- mastery of some linguistic concepts and theories in order to understand how language is constructed, how language operates, how language is used to do things, how language is acquired o
2、r learnt, how language varies according to the user or the situation, etc.;,- improvement of English proficiency in general and enhancement of the awareness of patterns and regularities in the English language;,- preparation for further study and research about language.,Textbook and reference books
3、,陈新仁，英语语言学实用教程，苏州大学出版社，2007。 戴炜栋、何兆熊、华钧，新编简明英语语言学教程（修订本），上海外语教育出版社，2002。 丁言仁，郝克，英语语言学纲要，上海外语教育出版社，2001。 胡壮麟主编，语言学教程，北京大学出版社，2001。 Yule, G. The Study of Language 语言研究. 外语教学与研究出版社，2000.,Course outline,Lecture 1: Introduction to the course Lecture 2: Some preliminaries about language Lecture 3: The sou
4、nds of English Lecture 4: The units of English (1) Lecture 5: The structures of English (1) Lecture 6: The structures of English (2) Lecture 7: The meaning of English (1) Lecture 8: The meaning of English (2),Lecture 9: The use of English (1) Lecture 10: The use of English (2) Lecture 11: The variet
5、ies of English (1) Lecture 12: The varieties of English (2) Lecture 13: The acquisition of English Lecture 14: Empirical research of English Lecture 15-18 Research practice,Course components,Lectures Discussions Presentation Assignments Research,Course assessment:,attendance (10%) participation in c
6、lassroom discussion (20%) presentation (10%) assignments (20%) term paper (40%),Term paper,A-4 /1.5 space/Times New Roman/ 10.5 font size/5 pages (including 5-10 references) First-hand data + analysis,Lecture 2 Some preliminaries about language,2.1 The definition of language 2.2 The functions of lan
7、guage 2.3 The origin of language 2.4 The defining features of language 2.5 The acquisition of language,2.1 The definition of language,The question “what is language?” is comparable with and, some would say, hardly less profound than “what is life?” -John Lyons,How do you define language?,列宁(论民族自治)：L
8、anguage is the most important tool for human communication. Chomsky(1957): a set of (finite or infinite) of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements. Sapir(1921): Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desir
9、es by means of voluntarily produced symbols.,Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. - 胡壮麟,“language” used in various contexts (pp.10-11, No. 1),Chinese is a language Linguistics is the systematic study of language. Both Jane and John like Shakespeares language.
10、 the language of bees,Language contributes to the success of our everyday life and the survival of human beings. Discussion: What functions does language serve for our life and survival?,2.2 The functions of language,Humans are said to be language animals. But what if we humans lived without languag
11、e? There are some 6,800 known languages spoken in the 200 countries of the world. In 2003, the total number of languages in the world was estimated to be 6,809, of which 2,261 have writing systems (the others are only spoken). What if there were only one language the world over? (P. 11 No. 2),Some c
12、ommon functions of language,phatic: Hello! directive: Get out of my way! informative: The earth revolves around the sun. interrogative: Do you know his hobby? expressive: I hate her. evocative: How do you like Jack? performative: I hereby declare the meeting open. interpersonal: Tommy, Dear Friend r
13、ecreational: humor; rhyming; puns metalinguistic: what I mean is; in other words,Discussion: PP. 16-17 No.5,PP. 12-13 No. 6,2.3 The origin of language,2.4 The defining features of language,Also called design features (C. F.Hockett, A Course in Modern Linguistics, 1958) a. creativity “creativity”, so
14、metimes also “productivity”, means the property which makes possible the construction and interpretation of new symbols, i.e. of signals that have not been previously encountered. Of course, the property of creativity is rule-governed according to Chomsky. Thus, the creativity in linguistics is diff
15、erent from that in art, which means breaking rules.,b. arbitrariness The term “arbitrary” here means something inexplicable in terms of some more general principles. It is impossible to predict the meaning from the form, or vice versa. word form meaning Discuss: P. 12 No. 5,Question:,By this propert
16、y do we mean that a person can use the language as freely as we like? How about argot? How about onomatopeic words? PP. 11-12 No. 4 How about words like flow, float, flood, fluent, etc.? P. 17 No.6 Other examples: J-: joy, jovial, jubilate, joyous, joyful, jubilant Gl-: glow, glisten, gleam, glare, glint, glimmer, glitter,c. duality of structure/double articulation b-o-o-k (meaningless segments: lower level, seconda
