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1、学习重点： （1）掌握有关微控制器及其应用的基本单词、词组和缩略语的基本含义及用法 （2）培养阅读翻译有关微控制器及其应用的科技文献和产品说明书的能力 （3）学习动名词及动名词短语在科技英语中的应用,10 Microcontrollers and Their Applications,生词 access kses n. 通路；进入 v. 存取 appliance plains n. 器具；器械；装置,Passage A Microcontrollers,arithmetic rimtik n. 算术 assembly sembli n. 集合；装配 cost-effectiveness kst
2、 ifektivnis n. 成本效益 debug di:bg vt. 调试；排除故障 derivative dirivtiv n. 引出之物；衍生物 embedded embedid a. 嵌入的 emulator emjuleit n. 仿真器 peripheral prifrl a. 外围的 trade treid n. 贸易； 交换 self-sufficiency .selfsfinsi n. 自给自足 volatile vltail a. 挥发性的；易失性的 watchdog wtdg n. 看门狗 wiring wairi n. 布线；线路；电线,2. 课文翻译讲解,Microc
3、ontrollers (or MCU) are special purpose computers, which do one thing only and emphasize self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in a PC, for example). In addition to all arithmetic and logic elements of a general-purpose microprocessor
4、, the microcontroller usually also integrates additional elements such as read-only and read-write memory, and input/output interfaces.,翻译：微控制器（MCU）是具有特殊用途的计算机，它只有单一用途，与通用微处理 器相比较（用于PC机中的那一类），它更强调自给性和成本效益。除了具有通用处理 器所有的算术和逻辑单元外，微控制器通常也集成了另外的部件，如只读和读写存储 器以及输入/输出接口 。,A microcontroller is a single integ
5、rated circuit; its internal architecture is typically diagramed in Figure 10-1， and it commonly has the following elements: （1）central processing unit, ranging from small and simple 4-bit processors to complex 32- or 64-bit processors. （2）discrete input and output bits, allowing control or detection
6、 of the logic state of an individual package pin.,动名词短语作补足语,翻译：微控制器是一个单 个的集成电路，其内部结 构如图10-A1所示， 且通常有以下部件： （1）中心处理单元从小 而简单的8位处理器到复杂 的32位或64位处理器。 （2）分离的输入输出二进 制位，对每个单独的引脚 的逻辑状态进行控制或监 测。,(3) serial input/output such as serial ports (UARTs) (4) other serial communications interfaces like IC, Serial Peri
7、pheral Interface and Controller Area Network for system interconnect (5) peripherals such as timers and watchdog (6) volatile memory (RAM) for data storage (7) ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program and operating parameter storage (8) general registers.,翻译: （3）串行输入输出，例如串行端口（UART）。 （4）其它的串行通信
8、接口，例如IC总线，串行外设接口和用于系统内连的控制器 局域网。 （5）外设，如定时器和看门狗电路。 （6）用于数据存储的易失性存储器（RAM）。 （7）用于程序和操作参数存储的ROM，EPROM，EEPROM或Flash。 （8）通用寄存器,This integration drastically reduces the number of chips and the amount of wiring and produces equivalent systems to that using separate chips, but much less PCB space. Microcont
9、rollers have proved to be highly popular in embedded systems since their introduction in the 1970s.,翻译：微控制器的这种集成特点大大地减少了芯片数量和布线量，生产出等效于 用分立芯片构建的系统，但它占用小得多的印刷电路板空间。自从二十世纪七十 年代微控制器出现以来，已验证它在嵌入式系统里非常普及。,In addition to the key features listed above, most microcontrollers today take further advantage of
10、not needing external pins for memory buses. They can afford to use Harvard architecture: separate memory buses for instructions and data, allowing accesses to take place concurrently.,翻译：除了上面所列的关键特点 外，今天的大部分微控制器进一 步利用了不需要用于存储器总线 的外部引脚的优点。它们能够使 用哈佛结构：将存储器总线分开 ，用于指令和数据存储，并允许 并行地访问。,动名词短语作介词宾语,Microcon
11、trollers are frequently used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, office machines, appliances, power tools, and toys. Billions of microcontroller units (MCUs) are embedded each year in a myriad of products. For example, the cell phone might con
12、tain a Z-80 processor, which is an 8-bit microprocessor developed in the 1970s and originally used in home computers of the time.,翻译：微控制器常常应用在自动控制的产品和设备中，如汽车发动机控制系统、办公 设备、器械、电力工具和玩具。每年，数以亿计的微控制器单元被嵌入到大量的产品 中。例如，蜂窝电话可能包含Z-80处理器，它是在二十世纪七十年代研制出的8位的 微处理器，最初应用在当时的家用计算机上。,The Garmin GPS might contain a lo
13、w-power version of the Intel 80386. By reducing the size, cost, and power consumption compared to a design using a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to electronically control many more processes.,翻译：Garmin的GPS可能 包含低功耗的英特尔80386 。与利用分立的微处理器、
14、 内存和输入输出设备做设计 相比，微控制器通过减小尺 寸、降低成本和功耗，使它 在电子控制处理中更经济适 用。,动名词短语作介词宾语,动名词短语作状语,Microcontrollers are inside many kinds of electronic equipment. Over 50% are simple controllers, and another 20% are more specialized digital signal processors (DSPs). A typical home in a developed country is likely to have
15、only one or two general-purpose microprocessors but somewhere between one and two dozens microcontrollers.,翻译：许多种类的电子设备内部都有微控制器。百分之五十多的电子设备使用简 单的控制器，另外百分之二十是更专业的数字信号处理器（DSP）。发达国家普 通家庭里可能只有一两个通用微处理器，然而可能会有一二十打微控制器。,A typical mid range vehicle has as many as 50 or more microcontrollers. They can also
16、be found in almost any electrical device: washing machines, microwave ovens, and telephones, etc.,翻译：一般的中等汽车有50多个或更多的微控制器。人们几乎在任何电器中都能 看到它们：洗衣机、微波炉、电话，等等。,In many products, such as microwave ovens, the demand on the CPU is fairly low and price is an important consideration. In these cases, manufacturers turn to dedicated microcontroller chips, which were originally designed to be low-cost, small,
