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1、UNIT 16 Industrial Control Systems,16.1 Text Computer-Controlled Systems 计算机控制的系统,New Words synchro sikru n. 同步机，自整角机 manipulation m,nipjulein n. 处理，操作 incur ink: v. 产生，招致 rogue ru n. 流氓，捉弄人者 logger l n. 巡回检测器 prescribe priskraib v. 命令；规定 multiplexer mltipleks n. 多路转换器，多路采样开关 resolution ,rezlu:n n.
2、分辨能力 teletype telitaip n. 电传打字机 stipulate stipjuleit v. 规定 avionic ,eivinik a. 航空电子学的,Notes strain gauge 应变计，应变片,Exercises 1. Answer the following questions. They are generated in answer to input demand compared to the measured values. Yes. There are some limitations in them, such as the limited pro
3、cessing of data and the difficulties of changing the type of data manipulation if necessary. Because an A/D converter has to be provided for each readout. It can enlarge the range of signal manipulation, do quick analysis to determine characteristics, provide an easy method of processing a signal, a
4、nd condition the electrical voltages to identify any rogue readings and filter any unwanted noise. The signals should be first taken in order. They are presented as graphical displays, typed data or on chart recorders. Because all we have to do is to input a new program to the computer. Because ther
5、e is a long history of experience and expertise of analog transducers and measurement systems.,Exercises (continue) 2. According to the text, choose the best answer for each of the following sentences. B. digital computers C. the ease of using digital computer D. digital computers, A/D and D/A conve
6、rters, data and address buses A. these systems requirement for resolution is low D. direct digital transducers B. the process time constant being short,16.2 Reading and Translation Modern Industrial Process Control System 现代工业过程控制系统,New Words workload w:klud n. 工作量，工作负荷 allure lju n. v. 引诱，吸引；魅力 boo
7、st bu:st n. v. 推进，提高，促进，发展 facilitate fsiliteit v. 使容易便利，便于，促进 multitask mltitsk n. v. 多任务；使多任务化 orient :rint n. v. 东方；定的方位 supervision ,sju:pvin n. 监督管理 programmable ,prurmbl a. 可编程的 monolithic ,mnuliik a. 独立的，完整统一的 schedule skedu:l v. n. 安排，调度；时间表，调度表 liaison lieiz n. 联络 exponent ikspunnt n. 说明物，代
8、表，指数 redundancy ridndnsi n. 过多，累赘 inconsistency ,inknsistnsi n. 不一致，不调和,New Words (continue) symbolic simblik a. 代号的，象征的 adaptive dptiv a. 适应的，适合的 latch lt n. v. 门闩；抓住，占有 peripheral prifrl a. 周边的，周围的，肤浅的 sequential sikwenl a. 继续的，后果的 unauthorized ,n:raizd a. 未经认可的 keypad ki:pd n. 键区，小型键盘,斜体部分参考译文: T
9、he first systems were oriented toward regulatory control, but over the years distributed control systems have adopted more and more of the capabilities of programmable logic controllers, making todays distributed control systems able to control all aspects of production and enabling operators to mon
10、itor and control activities from a single computer console. 第一代这样的系统是面向调节控制的, 但是, 多年来, 分布式控制系统采用的可编程控制器功能越来越多，以至于今天的分布式控制系统能够控制生产的各个环节，操作员利用一个计算机控制台就能够监视和控制各种活动。 All database instances are addressed by their symbolic names for ease of access. The functional relationships among database instances are
11、 defined by application programs that are developed graphically by laying out the required function blocks on diagram sheets, then connecting these blocks to other blocks so as to process inputs and outputs. 为便于访问，所有数据库实例采用其名称符号编址。数据库实例之间的功能关系由应用程序定义，应用程序的图形化开发方式是：在图页上列出所需要的功能块，然后将这些块连接到其它块，从而实现输入和输
12、出处理。 Information from process controllers, information management stations, and external computers can be mixed and matched at will. The interaction style is every bit as friendly and intuitive as that of todays personal computers. 来自过程控制器、信息管理站和外部计算机的信息可以混合使用，随意匹配。互动风格如同今天的个人计算机一样友好和直观。,斜体部分参考译文（续）
13、: A PLC is a digital computer it has a processor, a memory unit, a control unit, and an input/output unit. However, it differs from a general-purpose computer in several ways. First, a PLC is designed to operate in harsh industrial environments. Second, it can be programmed without special programmi
14、ng skills. Third, a PLC can be maintained by factory maintenance technicians. PLC是数字计算机 它有一个处理器、一个存储器单元，一个控制单元和一个输入/输出单元。然而，在某些方面，它又不同于通用计算机。首先，PLC运行于苛刻的工业环境；其次，在没有专业编程技能的情况下，能够对其进行编程。第三，PLC可以通过厂家维修技师进行维护。 Three network configurations of industrial control stations communicated with PLCs used with w
15、ork cell are star configuration, semi-star configuration, and bus configuration. 工业控制站与用于工作单元的PLC之间的通信采用三种网络结构：星型结构、半星型结构和总线结构。,16.3 Further Reading Industrial Robotic Systems 工业机器人系统,New Words robot rubt n. 机器人 evolve ivlv v. 发展，演变，进化 visualize vizjulaiz v. 想象 manipulator mnipjuleit n. 机械手，操作器 pace peis n. 步伐 outperform ,autpf:m v. 优于，胜过 position pzin v. 设置，定位 effector ifekt n. 操纵装置 gear i n. 齿轮 resolver ri:zlv n. 求解器，解算装置,16.4 General Knowledge 英文E-mail E-mail（Electronic mail）中文名称为电子邮件，简称电邮、邮件、伊妹儿。这是一种通过电子通信系统进行书写、发送和接收的信件。目前使用最多的通信系统是互联网，事实上，电子邮件已成为互联网上最常
