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1、http:/ (海量营销管理培训资料下载)会计英语110课Text 1 Accounting and Its EnvironmentDevelop an accounting vocabulary for decision making. Accounting is a system for measuring, processing, and communicating financial information. As the “language of business,” accounting helps a wide range of decision makers. Accounti
2、ng dates backs to ancient civilizations, but its importance to society has been greatest since the Industrial revolution.Apply accounting concepts and principles to analyze business transactions. The three basic forms of business organization are the proprietorship, the partnership, and the corporat
3、ion. Whatever the form, accountants use the entity concept to keep the businesss records separate from the personal records of the people who run it. Accountants at all levels must be ethical to serve their intended purpose. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) guide accountants in their
4、work. Among these guidelines are the entity concept, the reliability principle, the cost principle, the going-concern concept, and the stablemonetary-unit concept.Use the accounting equation to describe an organizations financial position. In its most common form, the accounting equation is Assets=L
5、iabilities + Owners Equity.Use the accounting equation to analyze business transactions. Transactions affects a businesss assets, liabilities, and owners equity. Therefore, transactions are analyzed in terms of their effect on the accounting equation.Prepare the financial statements. The financial s
6、tatements communicate information for decision making by the entitys managers, owners, and creditors and by government agencies. The income statement presents a video of the entitys operations in terms of revenues earned and expenses incurred during a specific period. Total revenues minus total expe
7、nses equal net income. Net income or net loss answers the question, How much income did the entity earn, or How much loss did it incur during the period? The statement of owners equity reports the changes in owners equity during the period. The balance sheet provides a photograph of the entitys fina
8、ncial standing in terms of its assets, liabilities, and owners equity at a specific time. It answers the question, What is the entitys financial position? The statement of cash flows reports the cash coming in and the cash going out during the period. It answers, Where did cash come from , and, Wher
9、e did it go?Evaluate the performance of a business. High net income indicates success in business; net loss indicates a bad year.New words 涵盖了企业价值、不动产、无形资产、机器设备、珠宝首饰等评估业务主要领域，涉及业务承接、业务操作、报告出具等评估业务全过程，在基本概念、方法体系、价值类型等方面与国际评估准则趋同，初步构建了资产评估准则体系，执业有据可依、检查有规可循的格局基本形成。11http:/ (海量营销管理培训资料下载)accounting 会计学
10、，结算 measure 估量，衡量，计算process 初步分类，整理 apply to 把应用于transaction 交易 principle 原理proprietorship 独资企业，所有权 partnership 合伙关系，合伙企业corporation 公司，企业 entity 实体，统一的，权益ethical 合乎道德的 intended 预期的GAAP 普通会计原理 guideline 方针，指南entity concept 主体概念 reliability principal 可信性原则cost principal 成本原则 going-concern concept 持续经
11、营概念stable-money-unit concept 稳定货币单位的概念 equation 等式 owners equity 投资者权益financial statement 财政报表 agency 机构income statement 损益报表 video 说明revenues 总收入 incurrent 遭受minus 减去 balance sheet 资产负债表，决算表indicate 表明，暗示 expenses 开支，消费Text 2 Recording Business TransactionDefine key accounting terms: account, ledge
12、r, debit, and credit. The account can be viewed in the form of the letter “T”. The left side of each T-account is its debit side. The right side is its credit side. The ledger, which contains a record for each account, groups and numbers accounts by category in the following order: assets, liabiliti
13、es, and owners equity (and its subparts, revenues and expenses).Apply the rules of debit and credit. Assets and expenses are increased revenues are increased by credits. Liabilities, owners equity, and revenues are increased by credits and decreased by debits. The sidedebit or creditof the account i
14、n which increases are recorded is that accounts normal balance. Thus the normal balance of assets and expenses is a debit, and the normal balance of liabilities, owners equity, and revenues is a credit. The Withdrawals account, which decreases owners equity, normal has a debit balance. Revenues, whi
15、ch are increases in owners equity, have a normal credit balance. Expenses, which are decreases in owners equity, have a normal debit balance.Record transactions in the journal. The accountant begins the recording process by entering the transactions information in the journal, a chronological list of all the businesss transactions.Post from the journal to the ledger. The information is then posted-transferred-to the
