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1、动名词的用法1动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1）作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：Walking is good exercise. Seeing is believing. Smoking may cause cancer.。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用It is 和There is 两种句式来表示
2、。例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.It needs time to make three copies of it. Its nice talking with you. 。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. It is no use waiting for him any longer. It is no good learning without practice.There is no joking about such matters.
3、 There is no harm in doing so. 2）作定语 动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于的”或表示“处于某件事情中的”含义。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开幕词 listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室 running water 自来水 developing countries 发展中国家 working people 劳动人民sleeping chil
4、d 熟睡孩子3）作表语 动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如：His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west.
5、（动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。 动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是“某件事”(与不定式短语的意义相近)，而现在分词表语表示“具有某个作用”。例如：The situation is very much encouraging.（现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词） 他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式
6、）他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式） 他的愿望是当飞行员。4）作宾语。如：He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，sug
7、gest，cant help（情不自禁），cant stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。Lets go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Lets go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do
8、it. （我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，
9、其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短语devote to，look forward to，sti
10、ck to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，theres no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作
11、宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。5）动名词作状语 动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的
12、同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. (时间) Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间) Being ill, he couldnt go to school. (原因) Having no interest in the topic, he didnt go to the lecture. (原因) Worki
13、ng diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件) Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件) Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. (让步) My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果) Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. (
14、方式) Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随) 6）动名词作定语 动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如： a smiling face 笑脸 a leading figure 领导人物 动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如： easy-going man 好说话的人 swimming pool 游泳池sleeping-pill 安眠药片 dining-car 餐车当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。 She went on board the train leaving for Sh
15、anghai. = She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai. There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park. = There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park. 2，练习题、填入动词的适当形式：1. Can you imagine yourself _ in a lonely island? (stay)2. I cant understand your _ at that poor child. (laugh)3. She didnt mind _ overtime. (work)4. To make a living, he tried _, _, and var
