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1、1,生产与运作管理 -An Introduction,Dr. Jinxing Xie Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China .faculty.math.tsinghua.edu./jxie Email: jxie Voice: (86-10)62787812 Fax: (86-10)62785847 Office: Rm. 1202, New Science Building,Production & Operations Management,2,Outline,What
2、 is Prod. & Operations Management (POM)? Definition of OM OM vs. OR/MS vs. SS/SE vs. IE/EM The Heritage of OM What Operations Managers do? Exciting New Trends in OM Research Methods Academic Societies OM Related Journals,3,What is Operations Management?,运作管理就是对公司（或组织）的提供主要产品或服务的系统进行设计、运行、评价和改进。 OM i
3、s the set of activities that creates goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs. OM is the business function that manages that part of a business that transforms raw materials and human inputs into goods and services of higher value. (narrow view),4,本资料来源,5,OM概要模型,其他名称：运作管理 生产管理；运营管理 工业管
4、理；工厂管理,6,OM vs. OR/MS vs. SS/SE vs. IE/EM,运作管理是管理的一个领域（管理职能） OR/MS是各领域在制定决策时都可能遇到的定量方法 SS/SE强调的是系统观点、系统方法 IE/EM主要关注如何更好地利用企业的资源，解决工程问题（如工业自动化等）,7,The Heritage of OM,1776-1880: 早期概念 专业化； 标准化零部件 1880-1910：科学管理时代 Gantt图；动作/时间研究；过程分析；排队论 1910-1980：大批量生产时代 流水线；经济批量；线性规划；PERT/CPM；MRP 1980-1995：精益生产时代 JIT；
5、TQM；EDI；CAD/CAM/CAPP 1995-：大批量、顾客化生产时代 全球化；信息化（INTERNET；E-Commerce) 敏捷制造；BPR；ERP；主动学习的组织 供应链管理（SCM）；物流(Logistics),成 本,质量,顾客,作为学科， OM诞生于50年代末60年代初,8,Goods and services design What product should we offer? How should we design these products and services? Managing quality Who is responsible for qualit
6、y? How do we define the quality we want in our service or product? Process and capacity design What process will these products require and in what order? What equipment and technology is necessary for these processes?,What Operations Managers do? (Top 10 Research Directions),9,Location strategies W
7、here should we put the facility? On what criteria should we bas the location decision? Layout design How should we arrange the facility? How large must the facility be to meet our plan? Human resources and job design How do we provide a reasonable work environment? How much can we expect our employe
8、es to produce? Supply chain management Should we buy or produce the component? Who are our suppliers and who can integrate into our e-commerce program?,What Operations Managers do? (Top 10 Research Directions),10,Inventory control How much inventory of each item should we have? When do we reorder? I
9、ntermediate, short-term, and project scheduling Is subcontracting production a good idea? Are we better off keeping people on the payroll during slowdowns? Maintenance Who is responsible for maintenance?,What Operations Managers do? (Top 10 Research Directions),11,Exciting New Trends in OM,Local or
10、national focus,Global focus, international OM,Batch (large) shipments,Just-in-time shipments,Low-bid purchasing,Supply chain partners, ERP, e-Commerce,Lengthy product development,Rapid product development, alliances,Standardized products,Mass customization,Job specialization,Empowered employees, tea
11、ms, and lean production,12,Important Research Field - Service Operations Management,Intangible Produced and consumed simultaneously Unique High customer interaction Inconsistent product definition Knowledge-based Dispersed Difficult to automate Difficult to measure quality .,13,Strategic,Tactic,Oper
12、ational,Levels of Decision,Qualitative,Quantitative,Research Methods,14,Research Methods,Empirical Case study Survey Panel study Database Theoretic models Deterministic models Uncertainty models Simulation Expert system (knowledge model),Simulation Motivation and Objective Experiment design Independ
13、ent variables Dependent variables Simulation run Data analysis Findings Insights,15,建 立 OR/MS 理 论 模 型 的 一 般 步 骤,模型准备,模型假设,模型构成,模型求解,模型分析,模型检验,模型应用,Motivation,Formulation,Solution,Validation,16,Dedicated INFORMS (A meager of ORSA and TIMS ) In particular, MSOM (Manufacturing and Service OM) POM (Prod
14、uction and Operations Management Society) EUROMA (European Operations Management Association) Related Academy of Management DSI (Decision Sciences Institute) APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society) IIE (Institute of Industrial Engineering) EURO (European Operational Research Societ
15、y) ,Academic Societies,17,Established March 1999, Newest within INFORMS Membership: 950, Largest within INFORMS Society Webpage: .msom.society.informs.org The methods which MSOM members apply in order to help the operations function add value to products and services are derived from a wide range of
16、 scientific fields, including operations research and management science, mathematics, economics, statistics, information systems and artificial intelligence.,Manufacturing and Service Operations Management Society,18,Source of References,Top journal: Operations Research (OR); Management Science (MS) Quasi-Top journal: Manufacturing and Service Operations Management (MSOM) IIE Transactions (IIET) Naval Research Logistics (NRL) Mathem
