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1、本资料由张其冲和徐星整理，水平有限，疏漏之处，请多指教材料科技英语考试句子翻译复习（1-5,1/5）1. Material science involves investigating the relationship that exists between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast， “material engineering”is on the basis of these structure-property correlations，designing or engineering the struc
2、ture of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties材料科学是研究材料的结构和性能之间存在的关系，相反，材料工程是在这些结构性能相互关系的基础上，设计和构建材料的结构来实现一系列的预定的性能。2. Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories：mechanical，electrical，thermal，magnetic，optical，and deteriorative实
3、际上，固体材料的所有重要材料可以被分成六个目录，力学，热学，磁学，光学和失效。3. In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials，namely“processing”and “performance”. 除了结构和性质，还有两个重要的材料科学与工程的性质是材料加工材料和性能。4. The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with th
4、e various characteristics and structure-property relationships，as well as processing techniques of materials，the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria工程师和科学家对于材料的各种性质特征和结构性能越熟悉，他们基于这种标准而对材料做出的明智选择将更加熟练和自信。5. On only rare occasion
5、does a material possess the maximum or ideal combination of properties. Thus，it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another只有在极少数新情况下，才能在材料的加工过程中，将各种性能最大化、理想化地结合起来，因此，权衡材料的一个性能和另一个性能是很有必要的。(6-9,1/4)6. An object will float in water if its density is less than the density of water and
6、 sink if its density is greater than that of water. Similarly, an object with specific gravity less than one will float and those with a specific gravity greater than one will sink. 本资料由张其冲和徐星整理，水平有限，疏漏之处，请多指教一个物体的密度比水小时，它会浮在水上，比水大时，它会下沉。类似地，当一个物体的比重大于一，它就会上浮，比重小于一，它就会下沉。 7. Materials that cause the
7、 lines of flux to move farther apart, resulting in a decrease in magnetic flux density compared with a vacuum, are called diamagnetic. Materials that concentrate magnetic flux by a factor of more than one but less than or equal to ten are called paramagnetic; materials that concentrate the flux by a
8、 factor of more than ten are called ferromagnetic反磁性体是一类会引起磁力线疏离导致磁通量比真空中低的材料。顺磁性体是会引起磁力线密度成倍增加，倍率系数大于 1，小于等于 10 的材料。铁磁性体是磁力线密度增加倍率超过 10 的材料。 8. Certain ferromagnetic materials, especially powdered or laminated iron, steel, or nickel alloys, have r that can range up to about 1000000. Diamagnetic mat
9、erials have r less than one, but no known substance has relative permeability much less than one. 一些铁磁性材料，尤其是粉末状或层压状的铁、不锈钢或镍基合金的相对磁导率 r 可达1000000。反磁性材料的相对磁导率 r 小于 1。已知材料中尚未发现相对磁导率比 1 小很多的。 9. When a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic core is inserted into a coil, the inductance is multiplied by r compare
10、d with the inductance of the same coil with an air core. 当线圈内插入一个顺磁性体或铁磁性体芯，其电感是空气芯的相同线圈电感的 r 倍。 (10-13,1/4)10.化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties.11.相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。
11、Phase transformation is a physical property of matter, and matter can exist in four phase: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. 12.当温度低于熔点时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子仍然连接在分子链上，从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。 At the temperature below the melting point, polymers start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linke
12、d in chains, which results in a soft and pliable material. 本资料由张其冲和徐星整理，水平有限，疏漏之处，请多指教13.在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值来表示。 In engineering applications, permeability is often expressed in relative, rather than in absolute, terms. (14-17,1/4)14.通常，温度低于室温的时侯，金属合金的强度性质降低，而延展性、破碎韧度和拉伸性能增强。Temperature above room
13、 temperature usually cause a decrease in the strength properties of metallic alloys.15.从材料的角度来说，应力是一种在材料内部所分布的力，它可以平衡所施加的负荷并与其发生相互作用。From the perspective of what is happening within a material,stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and react to the loads applied to
14、it.16.工程应变可定义为:所施加的力方向上的材料的改变量与材料原始长度的比值。Engineering strain is defined as the amount of deformation in the direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the material.17.高强度和高延展性的材料比低强度和低延展性的材料的韧性高。A material with high stress and high ductility will have more toughness than a materi
15、al with low strength and high ductility.(18-21,1/4)18.作为陶瓷的金刚石是所致的材料中具有最高导热性的材料。Diamond, which is classified as a ceramic, has the highest thermal conductivity of any known material.19.陶瓷的压缩强度大于拉伸强度，而金属的压缩强度与拉伸强度相当。Ceramics are stronger in compression than in tension, whereas metals have comparable
16、tensile and compressive strengths.20.尽管陶瓷与复合材料结合可以显著地改善陶瓷的韧性，但是在通常情况下陶瓷的韧性比较差。本资料由张其冲和徐星整理，水平有限，疏漏之处，请多指教Ceramics generally have low toughness, although combining them in composites can dramatically improve this property.21.陶瓷产品的功能取决于它们的化学组成和微结构，正是这些化学组成和微结构决定着它们的性能。The functions of ceramic products are dependent on their chemical composition and microstructure, which determines their properties. （22-25,1/4）22. 要想了解任一材料的行为与性能，有必要先了解它的结构。To understand the behavior and pr
