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1、动词的时态,河南师大附中高三英语组,高三英语第二轮复习系列之-,-现在完成时态,现在完成时态,高考链接,(2000北京) All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed,(2002全国) I wonder why Jenny _us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt w
2、rite C. wont write D. hadnt written,高考链接,(2004广西) -The window is dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned,(2004福建) She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million. A. have reached B. has reached C. are reachin
3、g D. had reached,高考链接,(2004江苏) More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated,(2005北京) I cant see any coffee in the cupboard. _? A. Has it all been finished B. was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish,高
4、考链接,(2005重庆) Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused B. had been cause C. will be caused D. will have been caused,(2005广东) Yeas ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A.
5、 showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing,高考链接,(2005湖北) He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide,(2007上海) With the help of high technology, more and more new subs
6、tances _ in the past years. A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered,练习归纳,Please translate,他已把灯关了。,He has turned off the light.,音乐会已经开始了。,The concert has started.,我看过那部电影了。,I have already seen the film.,现在完成时的 “ 完成用法 “,指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关
7、系。,“ 完成用法 “,练习归纳,他已把灯关了。,He has turned off the light.,音乐会已经开始了。,The concert has started.,我看过那部电影了。,I have already seen the film.,( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 - 灯现在不亮了。 ),( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 音乐会现在在演。 ),( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 我现在知道这部电影。),练习归纳,如：already, yet, just, before, recently 等 频度时间状语 never, ever, once 等
8、this morning / month / year. ， today 等,“ 完成用法 “,动作不延续,只能与表示不定的过去时间状语连用,如： Have you found your pen yet ？ 你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ I have spent all of my money so far. 到目前为止我已经花光了所有的钱。,练习归纳,Please translate,自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。,He has lived here since 1978.,我在部队已经呆了五年多了。,I have been in the army for more than 5 yea
9、rs.,现在完成时的 “ 未完成用法 “,指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。,“ 未完成用法 “,练习归纳,自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。,He has lived here since 1978.,我在部队已经呆了五年多了。,I have been in the army for more than 5 years.,动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。,动作开始于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。,练习归纳,如： since then、for+一段时间、lately、recently、 in the last/p
10、ast few days up to now ， so far 到目前为止 等,“未完成用法 ”,动作延续,与表示一段时间的状语连用 或与表示现在时刻相连的时间状语连用,例如： Detectives are so 到目前为止，他写了8本书。,练习归纳,未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词 如： come, go, arrive, leave, join, become, die 等。,终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach
11、, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy 等。,延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如 ： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。,其完成时态可与表示 “ 段时间 “ 的状语连用,I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学英语了。,延续性动词的用法特征,It rained at eight yesterday morning.(
12、误) It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.( 正 ),如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助 come, begin, get 等终止性动词来表示。,不能与表示短暂时间的 “ 点时间 “ 状语连用。,可用来表示某一动作完成。,The train has arrived. 火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？,终止性动词的用法特征,他死了三年了。 误： He has died for three years. 正： He has been dead for three ye
13、ars. 正 ： He died three years ago. 正 ： It is three years since he died. 正 ： Three years has passed since he died.,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用 ( 只限肯定式 ) 。,终止性动词，不能与表示 “ 段时间 “ 的状语连用。 可以改用下面的四种方法表达：,(a) 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。例： leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move toli
14、ve in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold 。,(b) 将句中表示 “ 段时间 ” 的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语。 (c) 用句型 “It is+ 段时间 +since.“ 表达。 (d) 用句型 “ 时间 +has passed+since.“ 表达。,终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。,He hasnt left here si
15、nce 1986. I havent heard from my father for two weeks.,终止性动词的否定式与 until/till 连用，构成 “not+ 终止性动词 +until/till .“ 的句型，意为 “ 直到 才 “ 。,You cant leave here until I arrive. I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.,终止性动词可以用于 when 引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于 while 引导的时间状语从句中。,When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.,终止性动词完成时不可与 how long 连用 ( 只限于肯定式 ) 。,误： How long have you come here? 正： How long have you been here? 正： When did you come here?,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1
