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1、Unit 2 What is happiness to you?,非谓语动词经常作状语。动词不定式常用作目的状语，动词-ing 或动词-ed则常用作原因、时间、方式、条件等状语。,To do first aid correctly, you have to study with a teacher. In order not to waste electricity, we turned the light off. Check your composition carefully so as to avoid mistakes.,1我们用动词不定式表示目的。有三种形式，可互换：to do,
2、in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首),1. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding 2._this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making,3 All these gifts m
3、ust be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving,析: so as to (不能放句首), to, in order to作目的状语可以放在句首或句中。,4 He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to ha
4、ve found,补充1: 在so as to, such as to, only to 结构中不定式作结果状语，其中常用 only to do来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。,5 I feel greatly honored _ into their society. A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed,补充2:不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后作原因状语。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed. 不定式不放在句首。,补充 3
5、 :不定式常与too或enough连用，在句中作状语。 例如：,The boy isnt old enough to go to school. =The boy is too young to go to school.,2我们可以用动词-ing或动词-ed作状语。, 动词-ing或动词-ed可用来表示 缘由或起因。,Being a student, I must work hard. Not knowing what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help. Followed by a stranger, she felt frighte
6、ned. Interested in Chinese culture, Tony came to China last year.,1)不知道他的地址，我们没法与他取得联系。 _, we couldnt get in touch with him. 2)在这个学校已经学习一年了，我非常了解这个学校。 _, I am familiar with it.,Not knowing his address,Having studied in this school for one year,3)深深地被这个故事感动，激动的人们停止了争吵。 _, the excited people stopped q
7、uarrelling with each other. 4)受到这人演讲的鼓舞，这个年轻人下决心要更努力工作。 _, the young people made up their minds to work harder.,Deeply moved by the story,Encouraged by the speech,Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. Walking on the roads in the countryside, I can see a variety of wild flowers. Seen fro
8、m the hill, the park looks more beautiful . Asked when he would arrive, he said it was uncertain. 动词-ing或动词-ed可用来表示 时间。,1）当听到这个消息的时候，他们都高兴的跳了起来。 _, they all jumped with joy. 2) 看到这些图片，我们都情不自禁的想起在北京的那些日子。 _, we couldnt help thinking of those days in Beijing. 3）When_ help, one often says “ Thank you.
9、” or “ It s kind of you. ” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered,Hearing the news,Seeing those pictures,Arriving at the airport, he started looking for the tour guide. 我们也可以用动词-ing形式表示一个动作先发生，而主句动作则紧随其后。 Getting back from work, she began to cook.,Americans like travelling, driving thei
10、r cars. They often communicate with each other, using English. The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 动词-ing或动词-ed可用来表示 方式。,1）他坐在桌子旁读书。 He is reading，_. 2）我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。 _, my father and I were talking about my job.,sitting at the table,Seated at the table,Working hard, you wil
11、l succeed one day. Putting more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious. Given more time, we could have done it much better. Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.,1) 在英语方面努力点，你就会取得更大的进步的。 _, you will make greater progress. 2)向左转，你就会发现我们通向我们学校的那条小路。 _, you will fin
12、d the path leading to our school. 3)水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。 _, water changes into steam.,Working hard at English,Turning to the left,(If )heated,3我们可以将动词-ing或动词-ed用在连词（when, while, once（一旦），if, unless, though, although）等后面。（分别表示时间、条件或让步）,When waiting for the bus, he saw an old friend. While reading the novel
13、, he nodded from time to time. Once seen , it will never be forgotten. Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. Though feeling tired, he keeps on running.,Having made our plan, we will put it into practice. Having been attacked by terrorists, the tall building collapsed .
14、 4我们可以用having +动词-ed 或 having been + 动词-ed的形式来表示主动完成任务或被动完成之意。,1）_ in the queuefor half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited 2）_, but he still couldnt understand the logical connection of the two subjects. Hav
15、ing told many times B. Having been told many times C. He was told many times D. Many times as he was told,分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。如： Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.,1）Faced with a bill for 10,000,_
