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1、have sth. to do还是have sth. to be done请看下面一道题:“Do you have anything_, Professor Smith?” “No, thanks.”A. to typeB. typingC. to be typedD. being typed根据I have something to type. I have a letter to write. He has some clothes to wash.等相关句式类推,许多同学毫不犹豫地选择了A答案,但是错了,最佳答案应是C。确实,在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动
2、式表示被动含义,如I have a letter to write之类的,按理说其中的a letter与其后的不定式to write具有被动关系,即“信”应该是“被写”,但这里却习惯上用主动式表示这个被动意义。不过同学们还要注意一点,就是这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如I have a letter to write.中的to write就是由该句主语I来完成的。而上面一题的情形则稍有不同,即其中的to type这一动作不是由句子主语you (在此指Professor Smith)来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的,句意为“史密斯教授,你有什么文件要我打字吗?”请再看一例:Im
3、going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your son?我下个星期要去北京,你有什么东西要带给你儿子的吗?句中的to be taken用了被动式而没用主动式,原因就是“带”这个动作不是句子主语you去完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较下面的句子:Are you going to Beijing? Do you have anything to take to your son?你要去北京吗?你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗?Im going to Beijing next week. I have a lot of things to take with me.下个星期我要去北京,我随身要带很多东西去。