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1、Chapter1 Introduction,Ma tingxia,Petroleum and Chemical Engineering System Fundaments,Contents,The Basic Raw Material and Base Stock of Petrochemical,Petrochemical Products,Assessment Indicator and Measurement Parameters of Petrochemical products,Etrochemical Process,The Main Process in the Petroche
2、mical Production,石油化工的基础原料和基本原料,石油化工产品,石油化工产品的评定指标和计量参数,石油化工过程,石油化工生产中的主要工艺过程,Introduction,Petroleum chemical industry 石油化工,Petroleum chemical industry refers to products processing industry which uses the oil and gas as the raw material to produce oil products and petrochemicals. 石油化工指以石油和天然气为原料，生产
3、石油产品和石油化工产品的加工工业。,Introduction,Oil products,fuel oil (gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, etc),lubricating oil,liquefied petroleum gas,petroleum coke, paraffin wax, asphalt,燃料油（汽油、煤油、柴油等）,润滑油,液化石油气,石油焦炭、石蜡、沥青,Oil products 石油产品,Oil products are also known as oils, including all sorts of fuel oil (gasolin
4、e, kerosene, diesel oil, etc), lubricant, liquefied petroleum gas, petroleum coke, paraffin wax, asphalt and so on. The processing process of manufacturing these products is usually called oil and gas processing, which for short is oil refining.,Introduction,石油产品又称油品，包括各种燃料油（汽油、煤油、柴油等）、润滑油以及液化石油气、石油
5、焦炭、石蜡、沥青等。生产这些产品的加工过程通常被称为石油炼制，简称炼油。,fuel oil,lubricant,Petroleum coke,paraffin wax,asphalt,生产石油化工产品的第一步是对原料油和气（如汽油、柴油、丙烷等）进行裂解，生成以乙烯、丙烯、丁二烯、苯、甲苯、二甲苯为代表的基本化工原料。第二步是以基本化工原料为原料生产多种有机化工原料（约200种）及合成材料 （合成塑料、合成纤维、合成树脂、合成橡胶等）,The first step of producing petrochemicals is to split the raw oil and gas (such
6、 as gasoline, diesel oil, propane, etc) to produce the basic chemical raw materials representing by ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene and xylene. The second step is that using the basic chemical raw materials as raw materials to produce a variety of organic chemical raw materials (abo
7、ut 200 species) and synthetic materials (synthetic plastic, synthetic fiber, synthetic resin, synthetic rubber, etc.).,The step of producing petrochemicals 生产石油化工产品的步骤,Introduction,6,The raw oil and gas (gasoline, diesel oil, propane, etc),the basic chemical raw materials (ethylene, propylene, butad
8、iene, benzene, toluene and xylene),organic chemical raw materials,synthetic materials (synthetic plastic, synthetic fiber, synthetic resin, synthetic rubber, etc.),ethylene,The first step,The second step,The step of producing petrochemicals 生产石油化工产品的步骤,合成材料 （合成塑料、合成纤维、合成树脂、合成橡胶等）,有机化工原料,基本化工原料（乙烯、丙烯
9、、丁二烯、苯、甲苯、二甲苯）,原料油和气 （如汽油、柴油、丙烷等）,裂解,Introduction,The Basic Raw Material of Petrochemical 石油化工的基础原料,The basic raw materials mean natural resources used for processing basic chemical raw materials and products, which usually refer to the oil, gas, coal, air, water, salt, minerals and metal ores.,基础原料
10、是指用来加工化工基本原料和产品的天然资源。通常指石油、天然气、煤以及空气、水、盐、矿物质和金属矿等自然资源。,基本原料是指自然界不存在，需经过一定加工得到的原料。石油化工的基本原料有五类：烷烃（甲烷）、烯烃 (乙烯、丙烯、丁烯和丁二烯)、炔烃 (乙炔)、芳香烃(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)及合成气。,Introduction,The Base Stock of Petrochemical 石油化工的基本原料,The base stocks refer to materials which do not exist in nature and have to get certain processing.
11、 The basic raw materials for petrochemical have five categories: alkanes (methane), olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene and butadiene), alkyne (acetylene), aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene) and synthesis gas.,the main way to produce basic chemical raw materials by using petroleum as raw materi
12、als,Introduction,其它重芳烃,以石油为原料制取基本化工原料的主要途径,Acetylene Carbon,天然气化工利用的主要途径,The chemical utilization of natural gas,Introduction,The Classification of Petroleum Products石油产品的分类,Petrochemical Products,Introduction,Assessment Indicator and Measurement Parameters of Petrochemical products,Introduction,石油化
13、工产品的评定指标和计量参数,加工一种原油前，先要测定原油的颜色与气味、沸点与馏程、密度、粘度、凝点、闪点、燃点、自燃点、残炭、含硫量等指标，即为原油评价试验。,Before processing the crude oil, it is firstly required to measure the color and odor of crude oil, boiling point and distillation range, density, viscosity, solidifying point, flash point, ignition point, self-ignition
14、point, carbon residue, sulfur content and other indicator, which is named evaluation test of crude oil.,Evaluation Test of Crude Oil,原油评价试验,Introduction,Distillation range means petroleum products evaporation temperature range from the initial boiling point to the final boiling points (dry points) u
15、nder specified conditions. Usually the distillate with a certain boiling point range is called the distillate fraction. The distillation range is an indicator used to determine the number of light and heavy components in petroleum products.,馏程是指油品在规定条件下，从初馏点到终馏点（即干点）蒸发的温度范围。通常把一定沸点范围内的馏出物叫馏分。馏程是用来判断
16、石油产品中轻重组分组成多少的指标。,Distillation Range 馏程,馏程测定器,Introduction,The weight of material in per unit volume is known as severe, with its unit as: kg/m3. The material quality in per unit volume is called density, with its unit as: g/cm3. Specific gravity means the ratio between the weight of the substance and the weight the same volume of pure water at 4 . The hydrometer is the ratio between the same volume liquid weight and the same volume water weight.,单位体积的物
