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1、现在进行时 一意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。 二构成: be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式 肯定句:主语+ be +现在分词V-ing (+其他) Im doing my homework now . 否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他. Im not doing my homework now. 一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing +其他? Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , Im not . 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他? What are y
2、ou doing now ? 三.现在分词的构成: (1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing, (2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing, 如 skateskating makemaking dance dancing write writing have having ride riding come coming (3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如: putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forg
3、etting letting 四. 时间标志now,句前的look ,listen 一般现在时 一.意义:表示经常发生的事情,动作或存在的状态 二.构成及变化 1.be动词的变化。 肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 l
4、当主语为第一,二人称及复数时,助动词为do 肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。如: We often play basketball after school. 否定句:主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。如:we dont play basketball after school. 一般疑问句:Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句? 如: What do you often do after school
5、 ? l 当主语为第三人称单数时, 助动词为does 肯定句:主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如: He swims well. 否定句:主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如:He doesnt swim well 一般疑问句:Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 如:Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句? 如: How does your father go to work? 三第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中,动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:
6、runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs. (2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es : watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes (3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries 但在y前如果为元音则直接加s: buys says 四时间标志:always , usually , often , sometimes ,every 一般过去时 一意义:表示过去某个时间发生
7、的事情或存在的状态. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有: yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening) last night (week, month, year), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago just now, 二构成及变化 1.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt) are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent) 带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在w
8、as或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化 肯定句 : 主语+动词的过去式. I watched a film last Sunday . 否定句 :主语+ didnt +动词原形. I didnt watch a film last Sunday . 一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形? Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt . 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以did开头的一般疑问句? What did you do last Sunday ? 三.动词过去式变
9、化规则: 1. 规则动词的过去式 (1)一般在动词原形末尾加ed helped,looked , played, worked , listened (2)结尾是辅音字母不发音的e,加 d lived hoped use-used like - liked tasted loved closed (3)双写末尾的字母,再加ed stop-stopped plan-planned (4)结尾是辅音字母+y ,先变“y”为“i”,再加ed study-studied carry -carried cry - cried try-tried 2. 动词过去式的读音规则 (1)在轻辅音后加ed读轻辅音
10、/t/ asked cooked worked looked talked picked watched passed jumped helped surfed (2)在浊辅音及元音后加ed读浊辅音/d/ lived listened closed opened stayed watered played (3)在/t/ /d/之后读/id/ started wanted needed tasted collected 3. 不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, go-went, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, swim-sw
11、am, sit-sat get-got, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, read-read, make-made, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, find-found tell-told stand-stood think-thought buy-bought teach-taught 一般将来时 一.意义: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态
12、,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二.构成及变化 一般将来时常用的两种结构 be going to+动词原形 :表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。 shallwill+动词原形 :表示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性,还用来表示意愿 1. be going to +动词原形 1.肯定句 主语+ be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份
13、 My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐准备明年学英语。 2.否定句 主语+be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形 +其它成份 I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.我今天晚上不打算去看电影。 3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份? Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。 4.特殊
14、疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ? Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.?春节你打算在哪过? 5.注意: be going to结构后面习惯上不跟 go, come等表位移的动词,一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约. 2. will /shall +动词原形 (在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,常用shall ,在口语中,所有人称都可以用will) 1.肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份 I (shall) write to him ne
15、xt week.下周我将给他写信。 2.否定句 主语 + will /shall+ not +动词原形 +其它成份 They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。 3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份 Will you stay at home with us tomorrow? 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗? 4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句 When will your father be back?你爸爸什么时侯回来? 附 : Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见,而问对方是否愿意,或者表示客气的邀请,常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。 1Shall we go to the park ? 肯定Sure , lets go . 否定 No , lets go to the cinema. 2. Will you please come to my birthday party next week ? 肯定Yes, I will. / Sure . 否定 Im sorry. Im afraid I cant.