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1、延续性动词与终止性动词： 动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep， have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后，就不能再继续下去。如：leave，start，set out，arrive，reach，get to，begin， stop，shut，turn off，marr
2、y，put，put on，get up，wake，fall，join，receive， finish，end，complete，become，come，go，die，close，open，break，give， jump，buy，borrow等。 1终止性动词的用法 1） 终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The plane has arrived飞机到了。 I have finished my homework我已完成了作业。 2） 终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时（只限于肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： 他死了三年了。误：He
3、 has died for three years 他来这儿三个月了。误：he has come here for three months 两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词，它们可用于完成时，但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years months连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢？我们可采用下列方法：A用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。 如： He has been dead for three years He has been here for three months 将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有如下几
4、种： 基本变化规则a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day
5、before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be副词”代终止性动词 1“beon”代start,begin 2“beup”代get up 3
6、“beback(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move toe) “ be名词”代终止性动词join the Party Leaguebe a Party League member， go t
7、o schoolbe a studentjoin the armybe a soldier等。 f) “去掉短语中的短暂性动词”代终止性动词get to knowknow，come to workwork，begin to studystudyput on be on , turn on -be on, turn off-be off go away-be away常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have co
8、me/gone back/returned have been back3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up；7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have fini
9、shed/ended/completed have been over；11. havemarried have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14.have borrowed/bought have kept/had15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn17have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have
10、 known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldierB把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时。如： He died three years ago He came here three months ago C用“It i
11、s has been 一段时间since（一般过去时）”结构。如： It is has been three years since he died It is has been three months since he came hereD用“多长时间has passed since（一般过去时）”结构。如： Three years has passed since he died Three months has passed since he came here 3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已成为一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如： I havent he
12、ard from him for two weeks我已两个星期没收到他的信了4）终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用，构成“notuntil”结构，意为“直到才”，表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如： We wont go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。 When did you go to bed last night？昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的？ I didnt go to bed until my father got home直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。 5）在while（表示
13、“一段时间”）引导的从句中，不能用终止性动词，但when可以，因为when可表示“时间的点”，也可表示“一段时间”。如： 误：While I got to the village，it was dark 正：When I got to the village，it was dark 6）终止性动词肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如:误：How long have you borrow the book？可改用延续性动词或与when连用的一般过去时。正：How long have you kept the book？ 正：When did you borrow the book？ 2延
14、续性动词的用法 1） 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用。如：I have waited for him for nearly two hours我等他快两个小时了。 2） 终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。同样，延续性动词也不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用。如： 误：It rained at eight yesterday morning rain为延续性动词，而at eight是表示时间点的状语，显然矛盾。如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的行为，可以借助come，get， begin等终止性动词来表达。上句可改为： It began to rain at eight yesterday morning 3） 在until引导的时间状语从句中，若主句的谓语动词是持续性动词，既可以用肯定形式，也可以用否定形式，但句子含义不同。试比较She listened to the radio until her father came back她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。
