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1、Using Praat for Linguistic Research Will Styler University of Colorado at Boulder Phonetics Lab Document Version: 1.3.6 Last Update: October 2, 2013 Important! This document will be continually updated and improved. Download the latest version at: http:/savethevowels.org/praat Using Praat for Lingui
2、stic Research by Will Styler is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. For more information on the specifi cs of this license, go tohttp:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. 1 Contents 1Version History4 2Introduction5 2.1Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.2Other Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.3Getting and Installing Praat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 3About Praat6 3.1Praat Windows . .
4、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 4Recording Sounds8 5Opening and Saving Files8 5.1Opening Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 5.1.1 Working with longer sound fi les. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5、. . . . . .9 5.2Saving Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 6Phonetic Measurement and Analysis in Praat9 6.1Working with Praat Waveforms and Spectrograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 6.1.1 Pulling out a smaller section of the fi le fo
6、r analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 6.2Adjusting the Spectrogram settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 6.2.1Narrowband vs. Broadband Spectrograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 6.3Measuring Duration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7、 . . . . . . .13 6.3.1Measuring Voice Onset Time (VOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 6.4Examining and measuring F0/Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 6.4.1Measuring F0from a single cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 6.4.2Viewing P
8、itch via a narrowband spectrogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 6.4.3Using Praats Pitch Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 6.4.4Improving Pitch tracking by changing the Pitch Settings . . . . . . . . . . .15 6.4.5Scripting only: Creating a Pitch Object . . . . .
9、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 6.4.6Getting Maximum, Minimum, and Average pitch for a section of speech .17 6.5Measuring Pulses, Jitter, Shimmer, and Harmonics-to-noise ratio . . . . . . . . . .17 6.6Measuring Formants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 6
10、.6.1Using the Formant tools in the Editor window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 6.6.2Improving Formant Finding results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 6.6.3Scripting Only: Formant Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 6.7Measuring Intensity/Amplitude . .
11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 6.8Working with Spectra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 6.9Taking a spectral slice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 6.10 Measuring Harmonic Amplitude, Frequency
12、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 2 6.11 Measuring Creakiness and Breathiness using Spectral Tilt . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 6.12 Measuring Nasality using A1-P0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 6.13 Measuring Spectral Center of Gravity . . . . . . . . .
13、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 7Creating and manipulating sound Files in Praat27 7.1Creating sounds from Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 7.2Cropping, Copying, Splicing and Pasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 7.3Sampling rates and
14、 Resampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 7.4Filtering Sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 7.4.1 Low-pass fi ltering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 7.4.2 High-pass fi ltering .
15、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 7.4.3 Band-pass (notch) fi ltering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 7.5Pitch Manipulation (To Manipulation.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 7.6Matching the pitch tracks of two sounds .
16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 7.7Manipulating Duration (Slowing Down and Speeding Up Sounds) . . . . . . . . .34 7.8Matching Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 7.9Combining Sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 7.10 Formula Modifi cation: Waveform addition, subtraction and so much more . . . .36 7.11 Synthesizing Sounds from scratch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
