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1、完形填空命题特点和解题步骤了解完形题的一些特点。完形填空题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文题填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。重点：应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、对词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。 难点：对语用的判断以及理清文章内在逻辑。1. 考查学生的词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识综合运用能力。2. 体裁以记叙文和说明
2、文为主，分值在1015之间。完形填空命题特点选择型完形填空是一种综合性比较强的题型，它集阅读理解能力与语言应用能力考查为一体。其中包括对语法、句型、习惯用语的运用，对词汇、句子以及文章的理解和逻辑推理，对作者意图的把握等各种能力的考查。完形填空选取的文章题材广泛，故事性、趣味性强，结构完整、内容贴近生活实际，符合初中生阅读心理和认知规律。以2014年北京中考为例，该文章是一篇记叙文，主要讲了主人公在6月的一天在超市偶遇了一位年轻人，他为了帮助流浪狗，扮演圣诞老人买牛奶和面包的故事。其主要的特点概括为：一、重语境完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推知答案。因此，
3、需要注意上下句的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时更需要上下文提供的线索，把自己置身于情景当中进行填空，这样才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到正确信息。I love you, Mum and Dad! Tears go out of my eyes when I talk to my parents on the phone. What are they doing when I call them? This is what I want to know most. I have supper at 5 oclock in the dining hall. There is n
4、o need for me to 1 by myself, no need to wash the dishes. However, now it is the busiest time for my parents. Dad works from seven oclock in the morning to nine oclock in the evening. Therefore, all the housework is 2 to my mum. 3 her own job, she also has to work at the vineyard(葡萄园).1. A. cookB. f
5、eedC. eatD. live2. A. doneB. takenC. leftD. turned3. A. WithB. Besides C. AsD. From思路分析：纵观这段话可知这是一个学生描写关于父母的文章，因此我们可以置身于情境之中，这样选择起来就容易得多。1. A 考查动词辨析。由整段话可知这是一个学生写的，因此我们可推知此处应为“不用自己做饭”。2. C 考查动词辨析。housework“家务”，根据常识可推断“家务都留给了妈妈”，故选C。3. B 除了她自己的家务活，还需要在葡萄园劳作。二、重实词完形填空的命题是在一句话中的关键词语上做文章。这种词语大多是名词、动词（或动
6、词短语）、形容词、副词等实词，偶尔会出现能左右文章内容的一些虚词，如介词、连词等。以2014年南京中考为例，10道题的完形填空题，8道题涉及到实词的考查，仅2道题考查了虚词；其中答案几乎全部是由语境来确定的。There was once a little monkey in the forest. He liked to 1 everyone. He jumped from tree to tree, called all the other 2 bad names and threw bananas or stones at them.One day he saw a baby elepha
7、nt near the river. “Hey, baby elephant, you are so 3 , and youll never catch me.” said the monkey. 1. A. look at B. laugh at C. smile at D. point at2. A. animals B. monkeys C. babies D. elephants3. A. quick B. smart C. slow D. ugly思路分析： 1. B 考查动词短语的辨析。由下文的“一天他在河边看见一只小象”及下文的“youll never catch me.”，可知
8、，他喜欢嘲笑别人，故选B。 2. A 考查名词的辨析。由语境可知，这只幼猴喜欢嘲笑其他动物，并且喊其他动物的绰号，向其他动物扔石头，故选A。 3. C 考查形容词辨析。由上文可知，猴子在嘲笑大象，选项中只有C项（缓慢的）符合大象的特点，故选C。三、重对文章的整体把握能力对文章的整体把握就是指根据文章的主旨，通过上下文暗示，对整篇文章、整个段落或整个意群的整体文意的把握，并且对文章内容进行逻辑分析、推理判断的能力。要求考生能理解上下文的内在关联和连贯意义。示例1： （开头）Reading books is never out of date. Its a good hobby for all k
9、inds of reasons. .（结尾）Reading is _ interesting and important. Its a wonderful hobby, one of the best.A. ever B. never C. always D. hardly答案：C思路分析：收尾呼应，第一段提到了读书永不过时，它是一个很好的业余爱好，故最后一段再次强调读书的意义，即它总是有趣和重要的，故选C。示例2：The latest attraction is a big tunnel(隧道) you can through. All around you, you will see fi
10、sh swimming sometimes even over your head. A. metal B. wood C. glass D. stone答案：C思路分析：由后文“你可以看到鱼游泳，有时候甚至是在你头上”我们可以推断出答案应该是C。完形填空解题步骤1. 通读全文，了解大意做这类题目时，首先应该把文章通读一遍，了解一下文章的大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句，因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立，但从全文看又不可取。2. 瞻前顾后，逐步填空了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。 一般来说，文章后面所给的选择答案可分三类：一类是语法正确，而意思不对；另一类是意思正确，而语法
11、错误；第三类是语法正确，意思也正确。在选择答案时，一定要考虑到上下文的意思，还要考虑到句子的结构、习惯用法、固定搭配和词类的功能，尽量使选出的答案及符合语法又符合原文的意思。3. 认真复查，适当调整填空全部做完以后，应把短文从头到尾再读一遍，检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯，情节是否合理，语法结构是否正确。一般来说，如果意思连贯，情节合理，语法结构正确，就意味着选答没有问题；如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通，或语法结构有问题，就说明选项不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲，进行调整。Id been watching a TV program on malaria (疟疾), and I couldnt
12、 get it out of my mind. What shocked me was that 3,000 children per day are 1 from the disease, which can be prevented and cured. While malaria has been disappeared in many parts of the world. But in Africa, the disease continues to 2 because of poor health care.The next morning, at breakfast, I sha
13、red 3 Id learned with my husband and my kids, Katherine, then 5 years old, and Joseph, 2. I explained that a little mosquito bite (蚊虫叮咬) is a 4 problem in Africa and that sleeping under a special net helps stop the mosquito. Katherine 5 understood and wanted to help. After months of 6 online, Kather
14、ine and I decided to start fundraising (募捐) at our local church. We explained that every 30 seconds a child dies from this illness. Katherine added that malaria can be prevented 7 sleeping under a bed net, which costs $10. That fall, Katherine and I spoke in front of groups at our local churches and
15、 three local newspapers. By May 2013, we 8 over $25,000 to buy bed nets, which have saved thousands of lives in Africa.I could not have asked for a better 9 than my daughter. As parents, we need to lead by 10 . We can only hope our children will follow in our footsteps, and if they do, the power of one little child can bring about amazing change.1. A. leaving B. dying C. coming
