《限制性非限制性定语从句详解 练习(附标准答案)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《限制性非限制性定语从句详解 练习(附标准答案)（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物主语 Who which that主语 Whom which that宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hard
2、y. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, on
3、ly, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是
4、与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。 (6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 (8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应
5、该用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you?Where：对于关系副词where的考察，趋于一种“地点的模糊化”。当先行词表示某人/物的situation，或某事发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用关系副词wher
6、e。常见的先行词还有point，case等。 3“介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构 (1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。in which =where for which =why on which = when (2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill
7、, from where we can see the town. (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二关系副词引导的定语从句 1关系副词也可以引导定语从句 关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。 2. that可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因 That有时可以代替关
8、系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1二者差异比较 限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。 2关系代词和关系副词的选择依据 (1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。 3. 先行词与定语从句隔离 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句
9、与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如： 1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about. 2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四As在定语从句中的用法 1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 （1）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。 （2）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：The elephants nose is like a s
10、nake, as anybody can see. 3）the same that与 the same as在意思上是不同的。 2As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置 as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后as is known众所周知，as is often the case情况常常如此，as is supposed如所料想的，as often happens这种情况常常发生，as is expected在意料之中。例如： (1) As is expected, the England team
11、 won the football match. (2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.众所周知, 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。下面结合考例谈谈学习运用非限制性定语从句时应注意的几个问题： 一、that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。如： 【考例一】She heard the terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 【解析】选B。后半句为非限制性定语从句，尽管先行词nois
12、e属于事物，也不能用that而要用which来引导。which指代noise，在从句中作主语。 二、除which外，还可用when，where，whose，whom等引导非限制性定语从句，且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如： Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。(关系副词when指代表示时间的名词next month，并作从句的状语。) She is going to live in Macao, wher
13、e she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。 (关系副词where指代表示地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语。) 【考例二】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 【解析】选B。whose在从句中作表示所属关系的定语，既可指代人，也可指代物。指物时，常可转换为of which；指人时常可转换为of whom
14、。 【考例三】 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,_many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 【解析】 先行词5:30 pm与time之间是一种同位关系，可用which来作定语替代。从句中的完成状态，常与by短语连用。故选D。 三、在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。如： He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到医院去看望他的继母，他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样爱戴。 四、非限制性定语从句的关系代词which，既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。如： 【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the p
