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1、,Attributive Clause,一. 定语从句的基本定义,放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospital is a place where a doctor works.,先行词,关系副词,先行词和关系词的关系,1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 3.The boy whose parent
2、s are dead was brought up by his grandfather. 4.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can
3、 fly.,关系代词的实质,the machine,a machine,that /which,The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.,her,The lady,we saw yesterday is Green.,who/that,关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词,二. 关系词的分类,关系代词,2. 关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose,关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why,二. 关系词的分类,三. 关系代词的基本用
4、法和注意点,1. 关系代词的基本用法,三. 1. 关系代词的基本用法, who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。,The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,who, whom, which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,These are the trees which were planted las
5、t year.,This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.,which,He is the man (that) I told you about.,that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,A plane is a machine that can fly.,that,whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。,We live in a house whose windows face south.,This is the little girl whose parents were killed
6、 in the great earthquake.,whose,The scientist (who/that) we met yesterday is very famous in the world.,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress (which/that) she is wearing is new.,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,巩固练习一： 用定语从句合并句子,巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子,(3) He i
7、s the kind person. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the film. I have ever mentioned it.,He is the kind person (who/whom/that) I have ever worked with.,This is the film (that/which) I have ever mentioned.,2. 关系代词的用法注意点,that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。如：,Do you know the th
8、ings and persons that they are talking about?,2. 关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, none等时。如： This is all that I want from the school.,当先行词被最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。如
9、： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.,当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.,1. 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）; There are many trees under which they can have a rest. 2 在非限制性定语从句中; Football , which is a very popular game, is
10、 played all over the world.,(2) 5种只能用which 不能用that的情况。,3. 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定从的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which； He gave me a gift that had been bought from the shop which belongs to his uncle. 4. 当先行词为指物的代词that和those时； He has found that which I am looking for. 5. 当关系代词后面有插入语时。 Here is the book which, as I hav
11、e told you, will help improve your English.,Is there anything _ belongs to you? This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream.,巩固练习二：选择that或which填空,that,that,which,Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.
12、Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.,巩固练习二：选择that或which填空,that,that,(2) that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who:,(2)用who不用that的情况,先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。 All who heard the news were excited.,先行词为those, he和people时。如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who
13、does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,(3) whose引导的定语从句要点, whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news. 他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the
14、 + 名词。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting., whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。,whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor i
15、s my friend.,Those _ havent taken physical examination must go to hospital now. 2. The boss _ factory my father works is very strict. 我父亲所工作的工厂的老板很严厉。 3. Anyone _ wants to attend a top university has to work very hard. 4. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player.,巩固练习三：在空格中填入
16、适当的词,who,in whose,who,whose,(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。,(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致,Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.,关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系； e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you of
