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1、Unit 2,English around the world,The Road to Modern English,At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England.,16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。,在尽头；在结束时,adv. 差不多，几乎；密切地,Later in the next century, people from England made voyages t
2、o conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.,后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。,n. 航行；航海,v. 征服；占领,因为；由于 because of+短语/词 because+句子,begin to do sth. 开始做,Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language
3、than ever before.,如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。,比以往任何时候更,adj.外国的；外交的；异质的；不想关的,As用法小结,conj.因为；随着；虽然；依照；当时 prep.如同；当作；以的身份 adv.同样地；和一样的,一、as作连词的用法 1. as.as的用法 as.as意为“和一样”，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。 基本结构：as+ adj./ adv. +as；否定式：not as/so +adj./ adv. +as e.g. This film is as interes
4、ting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。 Your pen writes as smoothly as mine. 你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。 This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. 这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。 修饰成分(twice, three times, half, a quarter)须置于第一个as之前。 e.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的袋子比我的贵两倍。,as.as的常见句型： (1)as.as possible e.g. Pl
5、ease answer my question as soon as possible. 请尽快回答我的问题。 (2)as.as usual/before e.g. She looks as pretty as before. 她看起来和以前一样漂亮。 (3)as long as. (引导条件状语从句) e.g. It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan. 我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。 (4)as far as e.g. He walked as far as the railway station yesterd
6、ay evening. 昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。 (5)as well as e.g. She cooks as well as her mother does. 她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。,尽快,只要；与一样长,至于，直到，远到；就而言,也；和一样；不但而且,2. as用作连词引导时间状语从句 as与when，while都是引导时间状语从句的从属连词，含义都是“当的时候”。 区别：用when时，从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生 e.g. It was snowing when he arrived at the construction site. 他到工地
7、时正在下雪。 用while时，从句的动作为一过程，主句动作与从句动作同时进行或在从句动作过程中发生 e.g. He was watching TV while his mother was cooking. 他在看电视，他妈在做饭 用as时，主句和从句的动作同时发生，具有延续的含义 e.g. You will grow wiser as you grow older. 你会随着年龄的增长越来越聪明。,3. as用作连词引导原因状语从句 as，because，since都可以表示因果关系，连接原因状语从句，含义是“因为，由于” 区别：because表示的语气最强 e.g. He will suc
8、ceed because he is in earnest. 他一定会成功，因为他很认真。 as一般放在句首，语气较弱，较口语化 e.g. As rain has fallen, the air is cooler. 因为下过雨，空气比较清爽。 since常常用在书面语中，表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有时可译作“既然” e.g. Since you are so sure of it hell believe you. 既然你对此如此有把握，他会相信你的。,4. as作连词引导让步状语从句 as与although (或though)，however (或no matter h
9、ow)等都可以引导让步状语从句，含义是“虽然，尽管” 区别：although语气稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用but，但可以用yet e.g. Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day. 他虽然年纪相当大，仍然每天慢跑。 as所表示的语气较强，引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序 e.g. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议，却没有人受伤。 however引导让步状语从句时，它的后面可跟形容词或副词，也要用倒装语
10、序。 e.g. However hard he may try, he will not attain his goal. 无论他怎样努力也达不到目标。,二、as作关系代词的用法 1. as引导定语从句与其他词连用 the same.as结构 e.g. This is the same book as I read last week. 这本书和我上周读的那本是一样的。 such.as结构 e.g. I dont like such books as he recommends. 我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。 so +adj. + a/an + n. (单数) + as结构 e.g. I am n
11、ot so strong a man as I was. 我已经没有从前那么强壮了。,2. as单独引导定语从句 as单独引导定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一个句子或短语。 e.g. She is late, as is often the case. 她迟到了，这是经常的事。 e.g. To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish. 对事实视而不见你们好多人都是如此的愚蠢。,三、as作介词的用法 as作介词，意思是“作为”，“以身份”。 e.g. He came to China as a tourist fiv
12、e years ago. 他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。 四、as作副词的用法 “相同地”，“同样地” e.g. They dont have as many airplanes. 他们没有同样多的飞机。,Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. Id like to
13、 come up to your apartment.,以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓里来看看，好吗？” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓去。”,即使；尽管 相当于even though 引导状语从句,adj.本国的；土著的；天然的；与生俱来的；天赋的 n.本地人；土产；当地居民,走近；上来；提出,So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and commun
14、icate with each other.,那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。,随着时间的过去；超时,adv.事实上；实际上,与通消息；交流 communicate: v.通讯，传达；相通；感染,At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English
15、we speak at present.,首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。,起先；首先；最初,过去分词（短语）作定语，与被修饰的词在逻辑上是被动关系,be different from与不同；不同于,base: v.以为根据 n.基部；基地；基础,现在；目前 present: v.提出；介绍；呈现；赠送 adj.现在的；出席的 n.现在；礼物,Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German b
16、ecause those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.,然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。,adv.逐渐地；逐步地 gradual: adj.逐渐的；逐步的,rule: v.统治；管辖；裁定；规定；支配 n.统治；规则,n.移居者；殖民者,v.使充实；使肥沃；使富足,adv.特别；尤其；格外,n.词汇；词汇量；词表,So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
