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1、一、形容词和副词的概念形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名 词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。 它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的 词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语. 二、形容词和副词的用法形容词作定语一般放在被修饰 的名词之前。 如: a new book, two big trees 等。形容词放在系动词be , get, turn, become, keep, stay, look, smell, feel, taste, sound, 等之后。如:1.I am short. 2.She looks fine. 3.They turn green.如果形容
2、词修饰不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面。如:something interesting nothing new副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副 词之前。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。如: 1.She works hard .（修饰动词） 2.I am very busy.（修饰形容词） 3.He runs too quickly .（修饰副词） 4.We play happily. （修饰动词）通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级
3、、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 规则变化 1.单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er 或 -est原级比较级最高级talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特别提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。 2.以不发音的e结尾只
4、加-r或-st原级比较级最高级nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest3.“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i，再加-er或-est原级比较级最高级easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest4.以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写后面的辅音字母，再加-er或-est原级比较级最高级thinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbigges
5、t特别提醒：new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。5.大部分双音节词和多音节的词，要在前面加 more，most原级比较级最高级beautiful more beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interesting most interesting expensivemore expensive most expensivepopularmore popularmost popular特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适
6、合上述情况，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest 6.以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more，most原级比较级最高级slowlymore slowly most slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrily most angrilysoftly more softly most softlynoisilymore noisily most noisily特别提醒：early -earlier-earliest 7.由ING分词和ED分词演变过来
7、的形容词(包括不规则动词如knowknown)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。 原级比较级 最高级 interestingmore interesting most interesting excited more excited most exciting tiredmore tired most tired boringmore boring most boring 不规则变化 原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/eldero
8、ldest/eldestfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest“两好，两坏，两多，一少，一老，一远” 不规则。特别提醒：further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。记住以下三个词组：further study(进修) further education(继续教育) further information (进一步的信息)elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐)elder brother (哥哥)less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。以下内容作为拓展用形容词most前面没有th
9、e，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 倍数表达法A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, e
10、tc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.形容词副词比较级最高级重点句型归纳句型一：形容词或副词比较级+than 注意事项：该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可确定前面使用比
11、较级。He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.句型二：less + 形容词的原级 + than 注意事项：该句型表示“不如、不及”，特别需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比较级，后面必须跟形容词的原级，否定就造成了比较级的重复使用。This computer is less expensive than that one.句型三：as +形容词或副词的原级+ as 注意事项：该句型表示对比的两者程度相当，as之间必须跟形容词或副词的原级，决不能使用比较级。此外，还要确定
12、使用形容词还是副词。确定的依据就是根据第一个as前的动词，如果是系动词（如be，感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容词的原级，如果前面的动词是一般的实义动词，那么就必须用副词的原级修饰动词。This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.特别提醒：asas之间也可以跟名词，句型如下：as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+asHe is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一样都
13、是善良的人。as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+asI can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。I have as many books as you do. 我的书和你的一样多。Well give you as much help as we can. 我们将尽我们所能给你帮助。其它几个关于asas的句型：as as one can：尽其所能He began to run as fast as he could.as as possible：尽可能Please help us as quickly as possibl
14、e.as soon as一就He will call me as soon as he comes here.句型四：not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as注意事项：该句型表示“前者不如后者”，往往可以与句型一和句型二替换。第一个as可以换为so。This classroom is not as bright as yours.I cannot run as fast as you.句型五：the +形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范围注意事项：如果这里为副词最高级，前面的the常常省略。介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某一范围内”，如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同类之间”，of后面的词与主语同类，另名词前一般有冠词the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之间”，among后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.
