初中升高中英语衔接

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1、 初高中衔接二、初高中英语衔接专题一:名词考点集汇,讲解和训练【名师点睛】一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:bookbooks,girlgirls,boyboys,penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:busbuses,classclassesboxboxes,watchwatches,brushbrushes。 (3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orangeoranges

2、。(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boyboys, daydays。(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes,potatopotatoes,tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoozoos,radioradios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photophotos,pianopianos。(6) 以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为

3、v再加-es,例如:knifeknives,leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法情况 读法 例词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztd3F等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdgv等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives (7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:manmen,womanwomen,toothteeth,footfeet,childchildren,mousemi

4、ce。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:menworkers, women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。(8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。 (9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式

5、,中间加连字符例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。 (10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods ashes,scissors,compasses。 (11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有: 科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称:bowls 专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念”,可以用以下两种方法:(1)用

6、much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass?I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice(2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如:a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glas

7、s of water(milk) a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是s,例如:a students room, st

8、udents rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s,如:Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s,例如:a twenty minutes walk,ten miles journey,a boats length,two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of th

9、e flowers。5. 双重所有格,例如:a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 s,则表示“分别有”,例如:Johns and Marys rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Toms and Marys bikes(两人各自的自行车)。 两个名词并列,只有一个s,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Marys room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Marys mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。【演练】1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry h

10、ouse B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- Th

11、ey are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pe

12、ars7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. toot

13、hs C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is

14、 a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room专题二:形容词、副词考点集汇,讲解和训练【名师点睛】1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如: Our country is a beautiful country. (作定语) The fish went bad. (作表语)We keep our class

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