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1、动画概论,上节课的回顾,回顾上节课： 说说什么是日本动画片的分众化？ 回顾美国影片的分级制度,我们今天的主题是？,美国电影、游戏分级制度 G,PG,PG13,R,NC-17与ESRB 日本动画大师及其作品 1，手冢治虫日本动漫之父 2，宫崎骏非主流-主流的典范 3，大友克洋内心深处阴暗的揭露者 4，押井守原作粉碎机,Whats In A Rating? Heres a detailed breakdown of the rating that accompanied “Pirates of the Caribbean,G General Audiences. All Ages Admitted
2、. A G-rated motion picture contains nothing in theme, language, nudity, sex, violence or other matters that, in the view of the Rating Board, would offend parents whose younger children view the motion picture. The G rating is not a “certificate of approval,“ nor does it signify a “childrens“ motion
3、 picture. Some snippets of language may go beyond polite conversation but they are common everyday expressions. No stronger words are present in G-rated motion pictures. Depictions of violence are minimal. No nudity, sex scenes or drug use are present in the motion picture. G级（GENERAL AUDIENCES All
4、ages admitted）：大众级，所有年龄均可观看。该级别的电影内容可以被父母接受，影片没有裸体、性爱场面，吸毒和暴力场面非常少。对话也是日常生活中可以经常接触到的；,美国电影协会（MPAA，Motion Picture Association of America）影视作品分级制度,PG Parental Guidance Suggested. Some Material May Not Be Suitable For Children. A PG-rated motion picture should be investigated by parents before they let
5、 their younger children attend. The PG rating indicates, in the view of the Rating Board, that parents may consider some material unsuitable for their children, and parents should make that decision. The more mature themes in some PG-rated motion pictures may call for parental guidance. There may be
6、 some profanity and some depictions of violence or brief nudity. But these elements are not deemed so intense as to require that parents be strongly cautioned beyond the suggestion of parental guidance. There is no drug use content in a PG-rated motion picture. PG级（PARENTAL GUIDANCE SUGGESTED Some m
7、aterial may not be suitable for children）：普通辅导级，一些内容可能不适合儿童观看，有些镜头可能产生不适感，建议在父母的陪伴下观看。该级别的电影基本没有性爱、吸毒和裸体场面，即使有时间也很短，此外，恐怖和暴力场面不会超出适度的范围；,美国电影协会（MPAA，Motion Picture Association of America）影视作品分级制度,VPG-13 Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some Material May Be Inappropriate For Children Under 13. A PG-13 rat
8、ing is a sterner warning by the Rating Board to parents to determine whether their children under age 13 should view the motion picture, as some material might not be suited for them. A PG-13 motion picture may go beyond the PG rating in theme, violence, nudity, sensuality, language, adult activitie
9、s or other elements, but does not reach the restricted R category. The theme of the motion picture by itself will not result in a rating greater than PG-13, although depictions of activities related to a mature theme may result in a restricted rating for the motion picture. Any drug use will initial
10、ly require at least a PG-13 rating. More than brief nudity will require at least a PG-13 rating, but such nudity in a PG-13 rated motion picture generally will not be sexually oriented. There may be depictions of violence in a PG-13 movie, but generally not both realistic and extreme or persistent v
11、iolence. A motion pictures single use of one of the harsher sexually-derived words, though only as an expletive, initially requires at least a PG-13 rating. More than one such expletive requires an R rating, as must even one of those words used in a sexual context. The Rating Board nevertheless may
12、rate such a motion picture PG-13 if, based on a special vote by a two-thirds majority, the Raters feel that most American parents would believe that a PG-13 rating is appropriate because of the context or manner in which the words are used or because the use of those words in the motion picture is i
13、nconspicuous. PG-13级（PARENTS STRONGLY CAUTIONED Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13）：特别辅导级，不适於13岁以下儿童，13岁以下儿童尤其要有父母陪同观看，一些内容对儿童很不适宜。该级别的电影没有粗野的持续暴力镜头，一般没有裸体镜头，有时会有吸毒镜头和脏话；,美国电影协会（MPAA，Motion Picture Association of America）影视作品分级制度,R Restricted. Children Under 17 Require Accompan
14、ying Parent or Adult Guardian. An R-rated motion picture, in the view of the Rating Board, contains some adult material. An R-rated motion picture may include adult themes, adult activity, hard language, intense or persistent violence, sexually-oriented nudity, drug abuse or other elements, so that
15、parents are counseled to take this rating very seriously. Children under 17 are not allowed to attend R-rated motion pictures unaccompanied by a parent or adult guardian. Parents are strongly urged to find out more about R-rated motion pictures in determining their suitability for their children. Ge
16、nerally, it is not appropriate for parents to bring their young children with them to R-rated motion pictures. R级（RESTRICTED Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian）：限制级，17岁以下必须由父母或者监护陪伴才能观看。该级别的影片包含成人内容，里面有较多的性爱、暴力、吸毒等场面和脏话,美国电影协会（MPAA，Motion Picture Association of America）影视作品分级制度,NC-17 No One 17 and Under Admitted. An NC-17 rated motion picture is one that, in the view of the Rating Board, most parents would consider patently too adult for their children
