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1、 英语高三一轮复习介词篇介词的英语全称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-（在前部）+position（位置）”构成的，所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词，主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词（或动名词短语）、名词性从句等。一. 介词的分类分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。合
2、成介词由两个介词构成的合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就而论), including，regarding，concerning等。兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike,
3、near, next, opposite等等。二. 介词短语的语法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语的功能例 句作定语They didnt find the solutionto the problem.作状语We have breakfastat seven.（表时间）They were late for the meetingbecause of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you meanby doing such a thing?（表方法）N
4、othing in the world could livewithout air or water.（表条件）作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were notat home.作宾语补足语I found the old buildingin a bad condition.三.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别表示的概念介词（短语）区 别例 子时间 in on atat在一个时间点上；in在一段时间之内；on在具体某一天或具体的上午、下午、晚上。at 8 oclock, at noonin the 1990s, in January
5、on Monday, on a warm morning since fromsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；from指从时间的某一点开始。We have not seen each other since 1995.I hope to do morning exercises from today. in, afterin指在一段时间之后，用于一般将来时，也可以指一段时间之内=within；after表示某一具体时间点之后，用于一般过去时。Well be back in three days.After seven the rain began to fall.in th
6、e endat the end ofby the end ofin the end作“最后”、“终于”解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。In the end they reached a place of safety.At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the
7、 end of this week.By the end of last month he had finished the novel.位置betweenamong一般说来，between表示两者之间；among用于三者或三者以上之间。You are to sit between your father and me.He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，要用between。Agreements were ma
8、de between the different countries.The little valley lies between highmountains.They dont know the difference between wheat, rice and coin. in on toin表示在某范围内；on指与什么毗邻；to指在某范围之外。Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China. on inon只表示在某物的表面上，而
9、用in表示占去某物一部分。There is a book on the piece of paper.There is an interesting article in thenewspaper. He dug a hole in the wall. in intoin通常表示位置（静态）；into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。We walked in the park.We walked into the park. through acrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。Water flows through t
10、he pipe.The old man walked across the street.in the corneron the cornerat the cornerin the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。The lamp stands in the corner of the room.I met with him at the street corner.He sat on the corner of the t
11、able.除了 besides except but except forbesides指“除了还有；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似，表示“除了.外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示“除.外，撇开”。All went out except me.I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 动
12、作 at+名词at dinner/table 在吃饭at work 在工作at war 交战at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公 at play 在玩耍 at rest 在休息 at school 在上学 at press 正在排印at church 在做礼拜beyond+名词beyondbelief 难以置信 beyondcontrol 无法控制beyondcompare 无可比拟beyonddescription 难以形容beyondexpression 无法表达beyondsuspicion 无可怀疑in+名词或in+名词+of+名词in the army 在当兵 in ne
13、ed of 需要 in action 在运转in progress 在进行in operation 在运行中inuse开始使用insight 看得见 instore 贮藏着incourseofconstruction 正在兴建当中 in(good)repair 维修良好的incourseofshipment 定的货正在运输途中inchargeof负责 inthechargeof由负责inpossessionof拥有 inthepossessionof被拥有 on+名词on business 办事/出差on holiday/vacation/leave 在休假on watch 值班on duty 值勤/日on guard 在值勤on strike 在罢工on sale 出售on loan 借贷on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开 on the march 在行军on the air 在广播onfire 在燃烧ontrial 在试用onshow/display/exhibition 在展出under+名
