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1、(一) 英文议论文的结构特点要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。英语议论文共有三大特点：1、 观点鲜明的开头;2、 紧扣主题的结尾;3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。 在中心统一这个问题,应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。（二) 作文开头1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向
2、于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题.1. When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently.2. When it comes to . , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I
3、tend to the profer/latter .)3. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that . They claim/believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether.1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .1. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) . has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.2.
4、 Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention)3.Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.1-3 观点法 -开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.1. Never history
5、 has the change of . been as evident as .Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of . been more visible/popular than.2. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that.3. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to.Now people
6、 become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of .4. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.1-4 引用法 - 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!1. Knowledge is power. such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people .Education is not comp
7、lete with gradulation. Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.2. How often we hear such statements/words like thoses/this .In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this .1-5 比较法 - 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.1
8、. For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing . , people . .2. People used to think that . (In the past, .) But people now share this new .1-6 问题法 - 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.Should/What . ? Options of . vary greatly , some ., others .But in my opin
9、ion , . .（三）作文结尾结尾万能公式一：如此结论。说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，比如下面的例子：obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus更多句型：thus, it can be concluded that, therefore, we can find that结尾万能公式二：如此
10、建议如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了. obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.更多句型：accordingly, i recommend that some measures be taken.consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.（四）过渡词层次：5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）6
11、）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）8）most important of all, moreover, finally9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）用以解释的过渡词now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fac
12、t表示强调的过渡词certainly, indeed, above all, after all, surely, most important表示限制的过渡词however, although, though, yet, except for 用以举例的过渡词for example, for instance, thus, such, next表示递进或补充的过渡词in addition，furthermore，also，moreover，yet用以表示比较的过渡词like, in the same way, similarly, equally important, too表示让步的过渡词
13、although, nevertheless, of curse, after all, clearly, still, yet用以解释的过渡词now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fact用以表述结果的过渡词therefore, as a result, consequently, then，thereby，thus，hence，accordingly, so, otherwise用以表示总结的过渡词to sum up, finally, at last, in conclusion, in summary in short
14、，in a word，in the long run，四级听力重点主题与场景分析1 机场地点 Security check（安检处） Gate（登机口） Terminal （航站楼） Check-in counter （换票柜台） Customs （海关） 2. 机场人物 Airhostess/stewardess （空姐） steward （空哥、空少） flight attendant （飞机乘务员）3. 飞机动作 Take off/land （起飞、降落） ascend/descend（上升、下降） postpone/delay/cancel （推迟、延迟、取消） 二、餐厅 重点1点菜：
15、 Order menu wine list （酒单） alcohol steak French Fries （薯条）2. 埋单：Check the bill please!（埋单！） Treat （请客） split the bill （分开付）Reservation （高频词,预定）三、校园生活图书馆 1.书籍：journal 学术类刊物 volume 卷 current/back issue 现/过刊 periodical 期刊 2.人物：librarian 图书管理员Campus life 校园生活 1 作业词汇：assignment paper essays book/research report composition 作文 textb
