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1、专题十复合句真 题 试 做(A)1.(2018宜宾中考改编)Thats the boy _ won the first prize in the competition yesterday.A.who B.which C.whom D.where(B)2.(2018宜宾中考改编)Do you know _？A.how old is he B.how old he isC.he is how old D.how much is it(D)3.(2018安徽中考)I wonder _ Jane gets on so well with her classmates.Because she alwa
2、ys cares much about others.A.whether B.how C.when D.why(A)4.(2018北京中考)Alice, could you tell me _ London?Sure.Last Sunday.A.when Mr.Smith leftB.when Mr.Smith will leaveC.when did Mr.Smith leaveD.when will Mr.Smith leave(A)5.(2018广东中考)Could you tell me _ youd like me to pay you?Youd better use mobile
3、payment.I dont care _ it is Alipay or WeChat Pay.A.how；whether B.how；whyC.what；whether D.what；why考向归结在近年的中考中,对复合句的考查主要面向：1.宾语从句(引导词、语序、时态)；2.定语从句(关系词的选用)；3.状语从句(时间、地点、原因、目的等)。考 点 突 破宾语从句在复合句中,放在动词或者介词后面起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。1.宾语从句的引导词引导词例句当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导；that无意义时,可省略We found (that) mom had known the s
4、ecret.我们发现妈妈知道了那个秘密。当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用whether,if 引导The boy asked his mom if he could drink cola.男孩问他的妈妈他是否能喝可乐。当特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,用what,who,where,when,how,why,which,whose等特殊疑问词引导Do you know who he is looking for? 你知道他在找谁吗？Just watch what he does.只是看看他做什么。2.宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都要用陈述句语序,其构成是：主句引导词陈述句语序(
5、主谓语序)。如： We dont know where he lives.我们不知道他住在哪里。 Do you know where he lives？你知道他住在哪里吗？3.宾语从句的时态在宾语从句中,谓语动词的时态要和主句中谓语动词的时态保持一致,其一般规律为：规律例句主过从过：主句中的谓语动词如果是一般过去时,从句中的谓语动词要用相对应的过去时态The police asked the boy where his mom was.警察问男孩他妈妈在哪儿。主现从不限：主句中的谓语动词如果是一般现在时,从句中的谓语动词可以用任何时态We dont know when he was born.
6、我们不知道他生于何时。真理不变：如果从句所说的是客观真理或事实,从句中的谓语动词则要用一般现在时The old told us the earth goes round the sun.老人告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。4.宾语从句与简单句的转换由连接代词或连接副词what,how,where等引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问词不定式”结构。如： She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday.She hasnt decided where to go on holiday.她还没决定去哪里度假。 Could you tell me how I can ma
7、ke fruit salad? Could you tell me how to make fruit salad? 你能告诉我怎么做水果沙拉吗？定语从句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句；被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又在定语从句中充当句子成分。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who,whom,that,whose,which；关系副词：when,where,why。如： The man who lives next to us is a policeman.住在我们隔壁的那个人是个警察。 1.关
8、系词的选用先行词和引导词 例句先行词指人时,引导词通常用who(作主语或宾语),whom(作宾语),that (作主语或宾语)；that作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略Jimmy is the man who/that has won the first prize.吉米就是那个获得一等奖的人。(who/that作主语,不能省略) The man (that/who/whom) we all like is our headteacher.我们大家都喜欢的人是我们的班主任。 (that/who/whom作宾语,可省略) 先行词指物时,可用that/which(作主语/宾语)引导；若前面有介词
9、时,只能用whichThe book that/which is thicker is mine.那本厚些的书是我的。(that/which作主语,不能省略) This is the park (that/which) we visited last week.这是上周我们游玩的公园。(that/which作宾语,可省略) The knife with which I cut the apples is very sharp.我用来切苹果的那把刀很锋利。(介词which) 先行词与定语从句中某个名词有所属关系,表示“的”时,要用关系代词whose作定语The math book whose c
10、over is red is hers.那本红色封面的数学书是她的。先行词为表示时间的词,且在定语从句中作时间状语时,常用关系副词whenI will never forget the days when we studied together in America.我永远不会忘记我们一起在美国学习的那些日子。先行词为表示地点的词,且在定语从句中作地点状语时,常用关系副词whereWe spent two weeks in the city where we met for the first time.我们在初次相遇的城市里待了两周。先行词为reason(原因),且在从句中作原因状语时,要用
11、关系副词whyNobody knows the reason why she left this company.没有人知道她离开这家公司的原因。注意：关系副词when,where只能在从句中作状语,不可充当主语或宾语。2.只能用关系代词that的情况类别例句先行词前面有形容词最高级时The most famous style that is created by her is the short hair.她引领的最为人们熟知的时尚潮流就是短发。先行词为all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词或被其修饰时Please
12、 move out all the desks that are old.请把所有旧桌子搬出去。Is there anything that I can do for you？我可以为您做些什么吗？先行词被序数词修饰时The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们要做的第一件事就是获得一些食物。先行词前有the one,the only,the last,the very,the same 等词修饰时The only thing that I want to do now is to have a big meal.我现在唯一想
13、做的事就是大吃一顿。先行词同时包含人和物时I can see many people and buildings that are reflected on the lake.我能看到湖面上倒映出许多的人和建筑。主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句时Who is the girl that spoke to you just now？刚刚和你说话的那个女孩是谁？3.只用which引导的定语从句,不用that的情况关系代词前有介词时(of,for,with,in,on)。如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.我想找到我用
14、来写信的钢笔。4.只用who引导的定语从句,不用that的情况(1)当先行词为everyone,someone,no one,nobody,everybody,somebody等表示人的不定代词时。如：Is there anyone who can answer the question？有人可以回答这个问题吗？(2)当先行词为those时。如：Those who take a walk in the park are almost old people.在公园里散步的人几乎都是老人。状语从句在复合句中,作状语成分的从句叫状语从句,常见的状语从句可分为：时间、原因、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果
15、、目的等从句(见连词用法)。1.时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词有when(当时),as (当时),while(当时),till/until(直到),since(自从以来),before(在之前),after (在之后),as soon as(一就)等。引导词意义例句when(当时) when引导的时间状语从句中既可接延续性动词,也可接非延续性动词,多用一般过去时They were talking happily when I walked past the door.当我走过那扇门时,他们正在愉快地谈话。续表引导词意义例句while(当时) while强调主句和从句动作同时发生,所引导的时间状语从句只能用延续性动词,且多用进行时态My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.当我正在做作业时,我妈妈正在做饭。as(当时) 强调从句动作伴随主句动作发生,所引导的从句中既可接延续性动词,也可接非延续性动词As they walked alo
