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1、【MeiWei_81-优质适用文档】语法：是一门研究英语语言构成规律的学科。 词 法 语法句法简单句：在句子中只包含一套主谓结构。并列句：通常由一个连词连接的并列的句子。复合句：大句套小句一气：虚拟语气二词：非谓语动词、情态动词三句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句形容词名词数词代词动词介词副词感叹词冠词连词词法陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句
2、陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句句法目的 结构时态、语态非谓语动词情态动词 语法名词性从句状语从句定语从句句法目的 结构句法目的 结构句法目的 结构简单句复合句并列句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句非谓语动词一、 在句中不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词二、 啥样呢？1. 不定式：To do2. 动名词：Doing3. 分词：DoneEg1. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue.围绕着群岛的海洋是深蓝色的Eg2. My mother ordered the homework to be done.非谓语动词的宾补，其逻辑主语为前面宾语
3、方法一：口诀法非谓语，三要点。变否定，NOT前。哼哈将，时逻关。七仙女，记心间。（一） 变否定（二） 哼哈将 1.动词不定式逻辑关系时间关系时间关系主动关系被动关系一般式To doTo be done完成式To have doneTo have been done进行式To be doing(To be being done)完成进行式To have being doing(To have been being done) 一般式：不定式的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后的动作发生。 ABB A：谓语动词 B：不定式 完成式：不定时动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 AB A：谓语动词 B
4、：不定式Eg3. Jay Chou taught us to sing 黄河大合唱 last night. 进行式：不定时的动作和谓语动词动作同时正在进行B AA：谓语动词 B：不定式Eg4. When his mother entered, the boy pretended to be sleeping. 完成进行式：不定时的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，一直持续到谓语动词动作，到谓语动词动作为止。不定时的动作有可能刚刚结束，还有可能继续延续下去。 ABBBBA：谓语动词 B：不定式Eg5. Mr. Zhong is said to have been working as a teache
5、r for 10 years.逻辑关系2.动名词 （同时具有动词和名词的双重性质，Doing）时间关系主动关系被动关系一般式DoingBeing done完成式Having doneHaving been done 一般式：动名词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。 ABA：谓语动词 B：动名词若非谓语动词动作在谓语动词动作之后发生，则通常用“To do” 完成式：动名词动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 ABA：谓语动词 B：不定式Eg6. She didnt acknowledge having received my flowers.Eg7. Xiaoqiang was so lucky that i
6、t had just missed being caught.一般式 To Do Doing（ 1.固定搭配；2.Eg. mean to do计划 mean doing意味着 ) 某些词(need, demand要求, deserve应得, allow, want, worth, require)后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动。 Eg8. The house needs repairing. Be worthy of being done=Be worthy to be doneEg9. Want +to do(想要) / doing(想要被)3.分词1）Doing & Done& 现在分词与
7、过去分词相区分的三大原则 a. 现在分词表示动作正在发生 The falling man 过去分词表示已经完成 The fallen man b. 非谓语动词作定语，其逻辑主语就是其所修饰的词 The excited man , The exciting man , The exciting film过去分词现在分词被动主动Eg10. The amazing man（A）The amazed man（B）A.小丑 B.观众逻辑关系 c. 现在分词有时间逻辑上的变化，而过去分词没有时间关系主动关系被动关系一般式DoingBeing done完成式Having doneHaving been do
8、ne 三个区分： Done & Being done Done 已经被 Being done 正在被 Done & Having done Done & Having been done 已经被（通常可互换）过去分词更强调一种由始至终的动作，Having been done更强调分词的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生Eg11. English is a language spoken all over the world.Eg12. Having best shown to the library, we were taken to the restaurant.2)独立主格自己的 主语Eg13.
9、She was standing behind the door with a book in her hand.独立主格：（两大语法功能）a. 具有自己本身的逻辑主语，这个主语不是句子中真正的主语b. 独立主格结构在整个句子中充当状语句意 adj. adv.（With）+n.(逻辑主语)+将来 介词短语 不定式 Doing 主动 Done 被动Eg14. The job _A_, we went straight home. A. finished B. finishing C. had finished D. was finished（三） 七仙女七仙女非谓语主语宾语介词宾语宾语补足语状语
10、定语表语不定式动名词分词逻辑主语本身通常是句子本身主语通常是句子本身主语宾语句子本身主语所修饰的词通常是句子本身主语1) 作主语区分 Dong 更强调经常性、习惯性动作To do 更强调一次性动作& DoingTo do 转换Eg15. Smoking is harmful to our health.& It is / was+adj./n./done+for/of+sb/sth+to do（To do做真正主语）& It is / was+no good/use+doing2) 作宾语区分 & like/love/hate/prefer+to do+doing (To do更强调一次性动作
11、；Doing更强调经常性、习惯性动作) Eg16. I like dancing but I dont like to dance with you now. & (见例)To do 表将来， Doing 表事已做过To do 表将来 Eg17. RememberDoing 已做过的事 Forget Regret 方法二：讲故事法& Eg18. mean+to do/doing Stop/go on+to do/doing3) 作介词宾语区分& prep.+doingEg19. On being introduced to strangers British people often shak
12、e hands.&prep+疑问词+to doEg20. Xiaoqiang always gives me some advice on how to express my feelings.& Look forward to doing 盼望着做某事习惯于做某事Be used to doingBe accustomed to doingDevote oneself / ones life to doingCant help but do = Have to do& Used to do 过去习惯做某事（表示现在不干了） Am/is/are used to doing 现在习惯于做某事 Be used to do 被用来作为 Was/were used to do 过去被用来做某事（不强调现在）4) 作宾语补足语区分& ask sb to do sth.& 感官动词：see, look at, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen
