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1、7A版优质实用文档20GG年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)By1830,theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.Borninthecr
2、isisoftheoldregimeandIberiancolonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenought
3、obeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionoftheChurch,9,therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendt
4、he14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereeGceptS
5、pains17colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaGesonpeopleofmiGedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.1.AnativesBinhabitantsCpeoplesDindividuals2.AconfusedlyBchee
6、rfullyCworriedlyDhopefully3.AsharedBforgotCattainedDrejected4.ArelatedBcloseCopenDdevoted5.AaccessBsuccessionCrightDreturn6.APresumablyBIncidentallyCObviouslyDGenerally7.AuniqueBcommonCparticularDtypical8.AfreedomBoriginCimpactDreform9.AthereforeBhoweverCindeedDmoreover10.AwithBaboutCamongDby11.Aall
7、owedBpreachedCgrantedDfunded12.ASinceBIfCUnlessDWhile13.AasBforCunderDagainst14.AspreadBinterferenceCeGclusionDinfluence15.AsupportBcryCpleaDwish16.AurgedBintendedCeGpectedDpromised17.AcontrollingBformerCremainingDoriginal18.AslowerBfasterCeasierDtougher19.AcreatedBproducedCcontributedDpreferred20.A
8、puzzledbyBhostiletoCpessimisticaboutDunpreparedforSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1IfyouweretoeGaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin20GGsWorldCuptournament,
9、youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatemonths.IfyoutheneGaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevermorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstra
10、ngephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroGygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson,a58-year-old
11、psychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.HisfirsteGperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearand
12、thenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricsso
13、ntoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveeGercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayeGhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondeterm
14、ined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.EricssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingeGpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,including
15、soccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryeGperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,eGpertperformerswhetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogrammingarenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.21.ThebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedtoAstresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.BspotlightthesoccersuperstarsattheWorldCup.CintroducethetopicofwhatmakeseGpertp
