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1、【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】被动语态一、 考点、热点回顾【被动语态】（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为
2、例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisarespoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshallbespoken现在进行时：amisarebeingspoken过去进行时：was/werebeingspoken现在完成时：havehasbeenspoken过去完成时：hadbeen+spoken（三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥竣工于1981年
3、。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim
4、.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymake the bikes inthefactory.The bikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdown a tree.A treewascutdownbyhim.（五）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.Itshouldbedoneatonce.（六）特殊情况1.Hemadeth
5、eboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.Theboywas made to workbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.2.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.Iamneverlet towatchTVbymother.3.JackgavePeteraChristmaspresentjustnow.（1）AChristmaspresentwas given toPeterbyJackjustnow.（2）Peterwas givenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnow.常见的句型结构：Itis(was)agreed(bel
6、ieved/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）.Itis(was)wellknownthat.众所周知Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat.被视为当然Itmustberememberedthat.务必记住.Itmustntbeforgottenthat.千万别忘记.Itis(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.据说(报道、听说、告知、建议.)及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的主语大多数是物例：1.Bananas_inHainan.(海南种植香焦。）2.Manymoret
7、rees_inourschoolneGtyear.（我们学校明年将种更多的树。）3._thetrees_byhim.这些树是他种的吗？4.Youngtrees_(必须照看好小树）5.Thebuilding_(那栋楼房正在建设中。）6.Thehomework_yet（家作已经做完了。）主动语态变被动语态HeteachesEnglishinourschool.-Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.Weplantedmanytreeslastyears.-Manytreeswereplantedbyuslastyear.Manycountrieshavesentupsat
8、ellitesintospace.-Satelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.ShewillteachClass6.-Class6willbetaughtbyher.5.Weshouldplantmanymoretrees.-Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus.注意:如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell）1.Shegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabookbyher./Abookwasgiventomeby
9、her.带双宾语（复合宾语）的被动语态.Hismothertoldhimastory.He_astorybyhismother.Astory_himbyhismother2.Isawthegirldrawinginclass.Thegirl_inclass.3.Heoftenlendsmeapen.I_often_apenbyhim.Apen_often_mebyhim.4.Theytakegoodcareofthechildren.Thechildren_goodcare_.2.动词短语的被动：不能分割，须将其看作一个整体，不可漏掉介词，副词。例：Theytakegoodcareoftheb
10、aby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.3.某些动词，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来（feel,listento,hear,lookat,see,watchlet,have,make,）例:Hemademedothework.-Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.二、典型例题（）1TheOlympicGames_everyfouryears.AareheldBwereheldCareholdingDwillho1d（）2.Intheartshow，alotofenjoyment_ _toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepain
11、tingsAisgivingBisgivenCwillgiveDhasgiven（）3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.It_in.manyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaught（）4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,_asPeoplesWriter.A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards（）5.Usuallycomputers_tosearchtheInte
12、rnet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used（）6.-Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?-Yes.Ourclassroom_everyday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleaned（）7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?一YesInfact，it_.ThatsallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaroundApollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedDwaspo11ute（）8.-Ourenvironmentisgett
13、ingworsethanbefore.-Youreright.ButthankstoEarthDay_,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotect(保护)theearthsinceEarthDay.A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted（）9.-IfeelveryhappythatI_tobethehost.-Congratulations!A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen（）10.Manytreesandflowers_inourschoollastyear，
14、andtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgardenAplantBplantedChaveplantedDwereplanted（）11.Somefamouspaintings_inthehallneGtweek.A.willshowB.wereshownC.isshownD.willbeshown（）12.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology intheschoolhallneGtweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives（）13.-Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.-Right.Manymoderntallbuildingshavebeen_thesedays.A.tur
