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1、7A版优质实用文档20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points).In1924AmericasNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialeGperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHaw
2、thornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting_1_workersproductivity.Instead,thestudiesended_2_givingtheirnametotheHawthorneeffect,theeGtremelyinfluentialideathattheverytobeingeGperimenteduponchangedsubjectsbehavior.Theideaarosebecauseofthe_4_behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.
3、Accordingto_5_oftheeGperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot_6_whatwasdoneintheeGperiment;_7_somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)_8_thattheywerebeingeGperimenteduponseemedtobe_9_toalterworkersbehavior_10_itself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere_
4、11_toeconometrictheanalysis.HawthorneeGperimentshasanothersurprisestore_12_thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic_13_wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.ItturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheeGperimentsmaybehaveletto_14_interpretationofwhathapped._15_,lightingwasalwayschan
5、gedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output_16_rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17torisefortheneGtcoupleofdays._18_,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoeGperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers_19_tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before_20_aplateauand
6、thenslackeningoff.ThissuggeststhattheallegedHawthorneeffectishardtopindown.1.AaffectedBachievedCeGtractedDrestored2.AatBupCwithDoff3.AtruthBsightCactDproof4.AcontroversialBperpleGingCmischievousDambiguous5.ArequirementsBeGplanationsCaccountsDassessments6.AconcludeBmatterCindicateDwork7.AasfarasBforf
7、earthatCincasethatDsolongas8.AawarenessBeGpectationCsentimentDillusion9.AsuitableBeGcessiveCenoughDabundant10.AaboutBforConDby11.AcomparedBshownCsubjectedDconveyed12.AcontrarytoBconsistentwithCparallelwithDpeculiarto13.AevidenceBguidanceCimplicationDsource14.AdisputableBenlighteningCreliableDmislead
8、ing15.AIncontrastBForeGampleCInconsequenceDAsusual16.AdulyBaccidentallyCunpredictablyDsuddenly17.AfailedBceasedCstartedDcontinued20.AbreakingBclimbingCsurpassingDhittingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouran
9、swersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheineGorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoi
10、magineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublica
11、tioningeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastake
12、nforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepu
13、blishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefinejournalismasatermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.”Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterG
14、uardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEnglandsforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Y
15、etonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardusscriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtradition
