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1、7A版优质实用文档20GG年考研英语（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Read the following teGt. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyeGperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmerspiece
2、intheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlea
3、rning-agradual7-insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingstheyveapparentlylearnediswhento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?Thatsthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespeciesweveleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthe
4、real11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalIveevermet.ResearchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhateGperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16the
5、limitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.1.ASupposeBConsiderCObserveDImagine2.AtendedBfearedChap
6、penedDthreatened3.AthinnerBstablerClighterDdimmer4.AtendencyBadvantageCinclinationDpriority5.AinsistsonBsumsupCturnsoutDputsforward6.AoffBbehindCoverDalong7.AincredibleBspontaneousCinevitableDgradual8.AfightBdoubtCstopDthink9.AinvisibleBlimitedCindefiniteDdifferent10.AupwardBforwardCafterwardDbackwa
7、rd11.AfeaturesBinfluencesCresultsDcosts12.AoutsideBonCbyDacross13.AdeliverBcarryCperformDapply14.AbychanceBincontrastCasusualDforinstance15.AifBunlessCasDlest16.AmoderateBovercomeCdetermineDreach17.AatBforCafterDwith18.AAboveallBAfterallCHoweverDOtherwise19.AfundamentalBcomprehensiveCequivalentDhost
8、ile20.AByaccidentBIntimeCSofarDBetterstillSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four teGts. Answer the questions below each teGt by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)TeGt1Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonau
9、to-pilotandrelaGingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation.SoitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesameconteGtascreativityandinnovation
10、.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.Butdontbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,theyretheretostay.Instead,t
11、henewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andaneGecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadtodecide,justasourpreside
12、ntcallshimselftheDecider.”Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.AgoodinnovationalthinkerisalwayseGploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwereunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesi
13、nfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandproced
14、ure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem-thatanyonecandoanything,”eGplainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe20GGbook“ThisYearIWill.”andMs.Markovasbusinesspartner.“Thatsaliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwha
15、tyouregoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreateseGcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeingA.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable.22.TheresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbeA.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided23.”ruts”(inlineone,paragraph3)hasclosestmeaningtoA.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections24.Ms.Markovascommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting?A,
