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1、英国小说之王狄更斯,查尔斯-狄更斯,Charles Dickens,查理狄更斯（Charles Dickens ，18121870）是19世纪英国批判现实主义文学的最突出代表。 他的创作具有世界意义，一个多世纪以来，他的作品一直畅销不衰，是排在圣经、莎士比亚作品之后，在西方世界传播得最为广泛的。 他被誉为英国文学史上的“小说之王”，也是马克思所指的英国的“一批杰出的小说家”最突出的代表,A,B,) Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870,Life experience,Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, and s
2、pent the first nine years of his life living in the coastal regions of Kent, a county in southeast England. Dickenss father, John, was a kind and likeable man, but he was incompetent with money and piled up tremendous debts throughout his life.,查尔斯狄更斯生于1812年二月七日，九岁前一直生活在英格兰东南部肯特郡的沿海地区。狄更斯的父亲约翰是个和蔼可亲
3、的人，但不善理财，一生为巨额债务所累。,A,B,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯,Life experience,When Dickens was nine, his family moved to London. When he was twelve, his father was arrested and taken to debtors prison. Dickenss mother moved his seven brothers and sisters into prison with their father, but she arranged for the youn
4、g Charles to live alone outside the prison.,狄更斯九岁那年，随家人移居伦敦。12岁时，其父因债务问题被抓进债人监狱。他的母亲带着7个弟妹搬进监狱与父亲同住，却留狄更斯一人独自在狱外生活 .,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),A,B,Life experience,After his father was released from prison, Dickens returned to school. He eventually became a law clerk, then a court reporter, an
5、d finally a novelist. His first novel , The Pickwick Papers, (匹克威克外传) became a huge popular success when Dickens was only twentyfive.,父亲出狱后，他重新回到学校。后来狄更斯先在一家律师事务所当职员，他还做过法院书记官，最后才成为小说家。狄更斯25岁时完成了他的第一部小说匹克威克外传，并且取得了巨大成功。,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),A,B,Life experience,He published extensively an
6、d was considered a literary celebrity until his death in 1870.,后来他发又表了大量的小说，被誉为文学界的泰斗。他于1870年病逝。,1.Early period (1836- 1845)狄更斯的早期创作,Gentle social criticism 温和的社会讽刺 Fantastic optimism 充满幻想的乐观精神 Novela picaresca “流浪汉小说”的结构模式 Exaggeration 夸张的艺术手法,His representative works of that time,The Pickwick Pape
7、rs 匹克威克外传（1836-1837） Oliver Twist 奥利佛退斯特(又名雾都孤儿)（1838） Nicholas Nickleby 尼古拉斯尼科尔贝（1838-1839） The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店（1840-1841）,2.The middle period (1846- 1852) 狄更斯的中期创作,He criticises bourgeois and their morality 对资产者及其道德的辛辣批判 Gentle moralism Humor and satire 温和的道德主义 幽默讽刺风格 The plot and structur
8、e are more complete unified 情节结构更为完整统一,His representative works of that time,American Notes 美国札记（1842） Martin Chuzzlewit 马丁瞿述伟（1843-1844） Dombey and Son 董贝父子（1846-1848） David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔（1849）,3.The later period (1853- 1865) 狄更斯的晚期创作,Humor and satire social criticism Symbolism 广泛、尖锐的社会批判 象征手法
9、 Gentle reformism and strong humanitarian 温和的改良主义和强烈的人道主义 Exploration of mans inner conflicts 尖锐的矛盾冲突主导情节设计,His representative works of that time,Bleak House 荒凉山庄（1852-1853） Hard Times 艰难时世（1854） Little Dorrit 小杜丽（1855-1857） A Tale of Two Cities 双城记（1854） Great Expectations 远大前程（1860） Our Mutual Fri
10、end 我们共同的朋友（1865）,A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens,Chapter One It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it
11、was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way-,双城记（A Tale of Two Cities）,双城：指巴黎与伦敦；题材：历史； 作品大背景：法国大革命。 写作目的：借1789年的法国大革命的历史，来影射19世纪50年代英国的现实。当时英国是太平盛世，但狄更斯认为这只是一种
12、假象，其繁荣的背后隐藏着深重的社会危机与尖锐的社会矛盾，故创作此作以警告统治者。 历史背景：作品头一章交代了故事发生的历史背景，法国大革命爆发前，人民与统治者剑拨弩张的紧张局面:一方面是统治者草菅人命，另一方面是人民怒不可遏，把尖刀插入作恶候爵的心脏。,雾都孤儿简介 主人公奥利弗特威斯特受不了虐待逃往伦敦，刚到就受骗误入贼窝。小偷头目费金要把奥利弗训练成扒手。在上街盗窃时奥利弗被误认为偷了布朗洛绅士的手绢而被逮捕。后他重病昏迷，被布朗洛收留，得到温暖与关怀。费金指使塞克斯和南希把奥利弗重新拐回贼窝。再次作案时，奥利弗被误伤。梅里夫人和养女罗斯收留了他。蒙克斯是奥利弗同父异母的哥哥，父亲把遗产留
13、给了奥利弗，除非奥利弗也是不肖之子，蒙克斯才能继承财产。蒙克斯找到费金，要他把奥利弗变成罪犯以霸占遗产。南希通知了罗斯。罗斯和布朗洛决定找蒙克斯交涉，南希却被塞克斯杀害。小偷团伙受到灭顶之灾。布朗洛先生收养了奥利弗，蒙克斯死在狱中。,liver Twist（1838）is Charles Dickenssecond novel.The book was originally published in Bentleys Miscellany as a serial，in monthly installments that began appearing in themonth of Februa
14、ry 1837 and continued through April 1839，originally intended to form part of Dickensserial The Mudfog Papers.George Cruik shank provided one steel etching per month to is ustrate each installment.Oliver Twist is the first novel in the English language to center throughout on a child protagonist and
15、is also notable for Dickensunromantic portrayal of criminals and their sordid lives.The bookS subtitle，The ParishBoys Progress，alludes to Bunyans TheHlgrimsProgress andalsoto apairofpopular18th-century caricature series by William Hogarth，A Rakes Progress and A Harlots Progress. AMONG other public b
16、uildings in a certain town，which for many reasons it will be prudent tO refrain from mentioning.,人物介绍,奥利弗 小说的主人公，是富人的私生子，出生在贫民收容院。他自幼颠沛流离，却一直保持着善良的本性，待人真诚，懂得感恩。他不幸落入贼窝，最终在好心人的帮助下脱离苦海，追回属于自己的遗产，过上了幸福的生活。 格林维格 一位善良而又古怪的老绅士，他脾气暴躁，易冲动，却为人正直，待人真诚。起初他不相信奥利弗，在得知事情的真相后，转而尽心尽力帮助他。 布朗罗 奥利弗父亲的朋友，是奥利弗的保护人之一，善良正直，平等
