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1、 Top论文网Essay写作范文- How to grasp the truth自近代怀疑主义产生以来，人们就对于准确地把握真实的可能性产生了怀疑。而现代哲学家们则努力从各个不同的途径来探讨把握真实的可能性。这种怀疑主义不仅在认识论领域中产生影响，而且在社会政治领域中产生影响。既然把握真实是不可能的，那么在社会生活领域中还会有真实存在吗？如果把握真实不再可能，那么社会生活中将不再有可以依赖的准绳。Modern philosophy understands truth from the perspective of the dual relationship between subject an
2、d object, symbol and object. According to rationalism, the subject can grasp the essence and law of the object by means of several axioms and inference of axioms, while empiricism holds that the subject can grasp the object by induction of experience. For them, if the subject grasps the object accur
3、ately, then it means that the subject can express the objective law with a symbolic system, that is, the symbolic system reproduces the real thing in the objective object. Baudrillard said, the definition of reality itself is: that which can be reproduced equivalent. That is to say, if we grasp obje
4、cts accurately through symbolic systems, we can reproduce them in the same exact way everywhere. There is a binary relationship in which the signifier can reproduce the refered object in the same way anywhere.The theory of truth in modern philosophy was challenged by skepticism and agnosticism. Acco
5、rding to Kant, when people reproduce objects with concepts and propositions, they only grasp the empirical phenomenon, while what is essential behind the empirical phenomenon cannot be grasped. Hegel solved the binary opposition between essence and phenomenon by dialectics. In Hegel, the essence and
6、 the phenomenon appear in thought. Everything in the external world can be incorporated into human consciousness, or the external world can also be regarded as a symbol and become part of the symbol system. Hegel opened a new way to solve this binary opposition, and at the same time led to structura
7、lism and deconstruction. Since the external world is also a part of the symbolic system, the relationship between essence and phenomenon, object and symbol becomes the internal relationship of symbol. Structuralism holds that essence and phenomenon are not binary opposites, and whether a thing is es
8、sence or phenomenon depends on their position in a certain symbolic structure. What is essential in one structure is phenomenon in the other. A printer, if left on a desk, is essentially an office appliance. If it is placed in an exhibition, it is the embodiment of scientific and technological achie
9、vements or human wisdom, and becomes a symbol to express other meanings. From the perspective of semiotics, the signifier points to the essence as a phenomenon. There is a relationship between signifier and signified. However, the relationship between signifier and signified is not fixed. The signif
10、ied object can also become signifier on a new level, for example, the printer in the exhibition hall. According to the traditional metaphysical dualism, the phenomenon is a sign, while the essence is what the sign refers to, and now the essence is also an signifier. Essence is not the thing behind t
11、he phenomenon, but is constructed in the signifier structure. Whether a phenomenon is an essence or a phenomenon is determined by its position in the structure. According to structuralism, the meaning of symbol is determined by its structure in the symbol system. In the dualist tradition, for exampl
12、e, the symbol golden hill is a mountain of gold. According to structuralism, the meaning of the word golden hill is determined not by the object it refers to, but by its position in the sentence. Jinshan is a place name in the sentence jinshan is an important industrial area of hefei city. From this
13、 point of view, the signified meaning of the symbol in the binary structure is replaced by the structural meaning.If we analyze the relationship between the real and the symbol that shows the real from this perspective, whether something is real or not is determined not by the relationship between t
14、he signifier and the signified, but by the structure of the symbol. In the dualist structure, truth is revealed by signified signs, while in the structural system, truth is constructed by symbolic structures. Reality is the nature and law inherent in nature and human society itself. However, such na
15、ture and law are not directly shown by themselves. They all need to be shown by certain phenomena. These phenomena are in fact signs of essence. The essence is in the structure of the sign. That is to say, the permutations and combinations of different phenomena in nature and in human society reveal
16、 what is essential, what is real. From this point of view, nature shows its real things through the arrangement and combination of phenomena, while the symbols used by humans are just extensions of the symbols in natural phenomena. Human beings use their own understandable language to reproduce the symbols in nature and try to reproduce the essence of nature. The truth that man understands is the truth that man reproduces through his own symbols. This s
