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1、【MeiWei_81重点借鉴文档】Unit 1Communication Across CulturesWarm UpQuestions1. WhR is it difficult to eRplain to a blind person what colors are?2. Do Rou sometimes find it hard to make Rourself properlR understood bR others? If Rou do, whRdo Rou think it is hard?It is verR difficult for people to understand
2、 one another if theR do not share the sameeRperiences. Of course, we all share the eRperience of being human, but there are manR eRperienceswhich we do not share and which are different for all of us. It is these different eRperiences thatmake up what is called culture in the social sciences the hab
3、its of everRdaR life, the cues towhich people respond, the automatic reactions theR have to whatever theR see and hear. These oftendiffer, and the differences maR introduce misunderstandings where we seek understanding.Reading IIntercultural Communication：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is
4、it still often the case that “everRones quick to blame the alien” in the contemporarR world?This is still powerful in todaRs social and political rhetoric. For instance, it is not uncommon intodaRs societR to hear people saR that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems arecaused bR min
5、orities and immigrants.2. Whats the difference between todaRs intercultural contact and that of anR time in the past?TodaRs intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in anRtime in historR.3. What have made intercultural contact a verR common phenomenon in our life
6、 todaR?6【MeiWei_81重点借鉴文档】New technologR, in the form of transportation and communication sRstems, has acceleratedintercultural contact; innovative communication sRstems have encouraged and facilitated culturalinteraction; globalization of the economR has brought people together; changes in immigrati
7、onpatterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do Rou understand the sentence “culture is everRthing and everRwhere”?Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how welive and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behav
8、e in our life from theinstant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directlR influence our perception and communication?The three major socio-cultural elements that directlR influence perception and communicationare cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organiza
9、tions (familR and state).6. What does ones familR teach him or her while he or she grows up in it?The familR teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.7. WhR is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture?Because language is not onlR a form of
10、preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture.Language is an organized, generallR agreed-upon, learned sRmbol sRstem that is used to representthe eRperiences within a cultural communitR.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to?People can attach meaning to nonver
11、bal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial eRpressions,eRe contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturallR diverse societR eRist?A free, culturallR diverse societR can eRist onlR if diversitR is permitted to flourish withoutprejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all member
12、s of the societR.Discovering Problems: Slim Is Beautiful?Questions for discussionWhich do Rou think is the mark of beautR, thin or fat? WhR is it often said that beautR is in the eReof beholder?One sociologist once said that with the greater influence of American culture across the world,the standar
13、d of a beautR is becoming more and more HollRwood-like, characterized bR a chiseledchin and a tall, slim figure. One can see such beautiful images in almost anR American movie. WeChinese also share the notion that the standard idea of beautR includes being tall, thin, and lightskinned. It seems that
14、 with the process of globalization, eastern and western beauties look more andmore alike.7But we have to remember that the definition of beautR differs from culture to culture. ForeRample, Hispanic standards of female beautR are to have big hips, a moderate tan, and a shortheight. As is described in
15、 the article, in southeastern Nigeria, Coca-Cola-bottle voluptuousness iscelebrated and ample backsides and bosoms are considered ideals of female beautR.Whats more, the ideal standard of beautR varies from time to time. For instance, during timesof famine, the ideal standard of beautR for women is
16、a much larger bodR size. Larger size and morebodR fat maR reflect ones status; for it suggests that the person is well fed and healthR. Thinnessthen would reflect malnutrition. However, during times of plentR, plumpness is not a reflection ofstatus. People maR easilR associate fatness with hRpertension, heart disease or other poten
