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1、Introduction to Virology,Chapter 12,Microbiology,Welcome to the World of Viruses ！,Review,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Outlines,History of Virology General Properties of Viruses Classification of Viruses General Structure of Viruses The Chemical Components of Viruses,Chapter 12 Introduction t
2、o Virology,Section 1,Section 2,History of Virology,Earlier Song Dynasty,The Netherlands 1619,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,History of Virology,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,General Properties of Viruses,1）ultramicroscopic size,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,General Properties of Vir
3、uses,2） diversity of morphology,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,General Properties of Viruses,2） diversity of morphology,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,General Properties of Viruses,3）acellular organization, composed of protein and nucleic acid DNA RNA,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Ge
4、neral Properties of Virus,4）obligate intracellular parasites 5）Viruses can exist in two phases: intracellular and extracellular,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,The differences between viruses and living cells,Classification of Viruses,The International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ha
5、s developed a uniform classification system from 1971,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,http:/www.ictvonline.org/,Classification of Viruses Some Examples,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV,HIV is belonging to lentivirus, retrovirus family. It will cause AIDS, a c
6、ondition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections.,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Global report from WHO People living with HIV 3330 万人 New HIV infections in 2009 260 万人 Deaths due to AIDS in 2009 180 万人 China report from CDC Peop
7、le living with HIV 74 万人 New HIV infections in 2009 4.8 万人 Deaths due to AIDS in 2009 2.6 万人,http:/ Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV,Transmission: unsafe sex, blood, breast milk, and perinatal transmission.,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Hepatitis B virus, HBV,Hepatitis B is an infectious illness ca
8、used by hepatitis B virus (HBV) which infects the liver of hominoidea, including humans, and causes an inflammation called hepatitis. The acute illness causes liver inflammation, vomiting, jaundice and rarely, death. Chronic hepatitis B may eventually cause liver cirrhosis and liver cancera fatal di
9、sease with very poor response to current chemotherapy.,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Hepatitis B virus, HBV,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,大三阳,小三阳,Transmission: sexual contact, blood transfusions, re-use of contaminated needles & syringes, and vertical transmission from mother to child du
10、ring childbirth.,Hepatitis B virus, HBV,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,2010年3月28日 锄草开始全国乙肝纪录片拍摄和乙肝科普宣传的旅程 4月05日，上海，南京路，4人赴约 4月11日，苏州，1人赴约 4月18日，南京，湖南路步行街，1人赴约 4月26日，广州，天河购书中心，8人赴约（其中1人未动筷） 5月16日，武汉，14人赴约，其中10名大学生 5月29日，南宁，10人赴约 。 11月14日，西安，6人赴约 11月21日，兰州，10人赴约,SARS Coronavirus, SARA CoV,The SAR
11、S coronavirus, sometimes shortened to SARS-CoV, is the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS),Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,http:/ Number of Confirmed SARS Reported to CDC, China (2010-10-31),Avian Influenza A Virus, AIV H5N1,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Avian influe
12、nza virus is belonging to Orthomyxoviridea, Genera A. Hemagglutinin (H)：15 subtypes (H1 H15) Neuraminidase (N)：9 subtypes (N1 N9),Cumulative Number of Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A/(H5N1) Reported to WHO (2010-11-19),http:/www.who.int/en/,General Structure of Viruses,Chapter 12 Introduc
13、tion to Virology,Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) Nucleocapsid Capsid (Protein) Virion Other constituents outside (Envelope),General Structure of Viruses- Nucleic Acid,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,DNA viruses,General Structure of Viruses- Nucleic Acid,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,RNA viruses,
14、General Structure of Viruses - Capsid,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Three general morphological types of capsid (1) Helical symmetry,Tobacco mosaic virus 烟草花叶病毒,General Structure of Viruses - Capsid,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Three general morphological types of capsid (2) Icosahedral
15、 symmetry,Adenovirus 腺病毒,General Structure of Viruses - Capsid,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Three general morphological types of capsid (3) Binary symmetry,T-even Coliphages 大肠杆菌T偶数噬菌体,Vaccinia virus 痘苗病毒,General Structure of Viruses - Envelope,Chapter 12 Introduction to Virology,Animal virus
16、 envelopes usually arise from host cell nuclear or plasma membranes, so their lipids and carbohydrates are normal host constituents. Envelope proteins are coded by virus genes, which form spikes or peplomers, may be involved in virus attachment to the host cell surface,The Chemical Components of Viruse,Nucleic acids - DN
