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1、句 子 成 分及句型 Members and Structures of a Sentence,句子分类,简单句,复合句,并列复合句,主从复合句,有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。 如：and, but, or, so等,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:,Tom and Mike are American boys.,She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.,由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有主谓结构。,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种 基本句
2、型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,掌握这五种基本句型, 是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,一: (主谓) 二: (主系表) 三: (主谓宾) 四: (主谓间宾直宾) 五: (主谓宾宾补),*句子成分由词或词组充当,英语的基本成分有七种： _ _ _ 和_,主语(subject)、,谓语(predicate)、,表语(predicative)、,宾语(object)、,定语(attribute)、,状语(adverbial),补语(complement),主语subject,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Fou
3、r plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.,主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词, 主格代词,动词不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,名词,主格代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,the + 形容词,句子,The students got on the school bus. 2.His job is to train swimmers. 3.We often speak Englis
4、h in class. 4.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 5.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,(一) 挑出下列句中的主语,谓语predicate,谓语: 简单谓语由动词或动词词组 构成, 是完整的时态和语态。一般在 主语之后。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English
5、 well. She has finished the homework.,.,2. He managed to finish the work in time 3.I have been learning English for 1o years. 4.He should tell me the truth . 5.My brother doesnt like study. 6.I shall answer your question after class.,(二) 挑出下列句中谓语,I like my job. I love you.,He wanted to leave here. T
6、hey enjoyed playing computer games. He asked where he was.,（三）宾语object,宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓 语后面.由名词,代词,介词短语,非谓语及从句充当。,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人. He gave me some books., 间接 宾语, 直接 宾语,Please pass me the book. He bought me some flowers.,(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the
7、 world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,(四)宾语补足语object complement,宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you hear Tom singing? He made
8、 himself understood. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定 式,介词短语,副词,名词,(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school.
9、 She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.,（五）定语 (Attributive):,定语的作用？ 用于修饰、限定名词或代词。 定语一般由？ 充当。 girl 定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。 a pencil box,形容词,beautiful,a,定语 (Attributive):,定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。 Those who want to learn English well should study harder than
10、 others. an interesting book a meeting to attend 定语也可以由介词（词组）充当。 The books on the shelf,(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,（六）状语adverbial,用于修饰形容词,副
11、词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the train. His parents died,leaving him an orphan.,(六) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He
12、began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.,They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. The apple tastes good.,（七）表语predicative,（七）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有: be动词 (am, is, are) 感官系动词
13、feel, smell, sound, taste, look 变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come 状态系动词 seem, keep, remain, stay, appear.,(七) 挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subject.,八、同位语 appositive,同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在 同等位置时, 一个句
14、子成分用来说明和解释 另一个句子成分, 这个句子成分就叫做它的 同位语。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语, 都指同一批“学生”) We all are students. (all是we的同位语, 都指同样的“我们”),牛刀小试,a. b. c. d. e. ,1. Pleas tell us a story. _ 2. He noticed a man enter the room. _ 3. I have a lot work to do. _ 4. His job is to train swimmers. _ 5. She
15、 smiled. _ 6. Please look at the picture. _,d,a,e,b,e,c,划分句子成分,You will tell your friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,1.You will tell (your) friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn
