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1、Period Three ,Grammar & Writing,语法专题 合成词&冠词,写作专题 写一篇正反观点对比类议论文,栏目索引,语法精析,语法专题,合成词&冠词,一、合成词 由两个或两个以上独立的词合成的新词叫做合成词。英语中合成词数量众多，下面主要介绍合成名词和合成形容词。 (一)合成名词 合成名词是指由单个名词加一个或一个以上的名词或其他词类组成的名词。 1.合成名词构成通常有以下几种： (1)名词名词：spaceship(宇宙飞船) (2)动名词名词：washing-room(洗手间)，reading-room(阅览室) (3)形容词名词：top speed(高速),(4)动词名
2、词：pickpocket(扒手) (5)动词副词：break-up(分散) (6)名词动名词：handwriting(书法) (7)副词动词：out-break(断裂) (8)名词介词名词：daughter-in-law(儿媳) (9)介词名词：by-product(副产品),2.合成名词复数变化的五点规律： (1)以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式。 例如：homework。 (2)以man或woman为前缀的合成名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。 例如：woman doctorwomen doctors，man waitermen waiters。 (3)以两个名词构成的合成名词(前
3、面的名词为man或woman除外)，一般把后面的名词变成复数。 例如：boyfriendboyfriends，paper bagpaper bags。 (4)以“可数名词介词(短语)”构成的合成名词变复数时，把前面名词变成复数。,例如：father-in-lawfathers-in-law。 (5)以“动词/过去分词副词”构成的合成名词变复数时，在结尾加s。 例如：grownupgrown-ups，standbystand-bys。 (二)合成形容词 合成形容词是由两个或两个以上的词构成的，在词性上是形容词词性。通常合成形容词被看作是一个单词，常放在所修饰的词的前面。 1.形容词现在分词：or
4、dinary-looking(相貌一般的) 2.形容词名词-ed：warm-hearted(热心肠的) 3.副词动词过去分词：well-known(著名的) 4.名词动词现在分词：peace-loving(热爱和平的),5.名词动词过去分词：man-made(人造的) 6.名词形容词：duty-free(免税的) 7.数词名词ed形式：three-legged(三条腿的) 8.数词名词形容词：(one) hundred-metre-long(百米长的) 9.副词动词的现在分词：hard-working(努力工作的),即时跟踪1 语境填词 (1)The (邮局) is only a few st
5、eps away. (2)He types very fast；he knows the (键盘) well. (3)Have you ever been to that (世界著名的) university? (4)She is only a (10岁的) girl. (5)The snake is a kind of (冷血的) animal.,答案,post office,keyboard,world-famous,ten-year-old,cold-blooded,二、冠词 冠词加在名词前面作辅助词，用来限定名词，冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词。还有可能不用冠词，即零冠词。 1.定冠词的用法
6、 (1)特指某人、某物或某事，或指谈话双方都知道的人或物。 The students in the room are my classmates. 房间里的学生是我的同学。 (2)用于上文中提到的人或物。 I have a story book.The book is very interesting. 我有本故事书。这本书非常有趣。,(3)用于指世界上独一无二的事物。 the sun太阳 the sky天空 the moon月亮 (4)用来与某些形容词或过去分词连用，使其名词化，代表一类人或物或某种抽象概念。 The developed should give more help to th
7、e developing. 发达国家应该给予发展中国家更多的帮助。 (5)用在形容词最高级和序数词及方位词前。 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾看过的最好的影片。,(6)用于演奏乐器名词前。 play the piano弹钢琴 play the guitar弹吉他 (7)用于发明物的单数可数名词前。 Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 贝尔在1876年发明了电话。 (8)用在专有名词前。 表示江河湖海、山脉等地理名词前，如the Yellow River黄河，the Alps阿尔卑斯山脉，the En
8、glish Channel英吉利海峡； 普通名词与其他的词构成的专有名词前，如the US美国，the Great Wall长城，the Times 时代周刊； 在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人，如the Smiths史密斯一家。,(9)用于朝代、时代前。 the Song Dynasty宋朝 the Spring and Autumn Period春秋时期 2.不定冠词的用法 (1)指人或物的某一类。 He is a student of Grade Three. 他是一名三年级的学生。 (2)指一类人或物中的任何一个。 A student should study hard.
9、学生应该努力学习。,(3)不具体指明是何人或何物时。 He has just come back from an African country. 他刚从一个非洲国家回来。 (4)表示one或every，但没有one的语气重。 Everyone has a head and two hands. 每人都有一个头和两只手。,3.零冠词的用法 (1)在专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等前不加冠词。 America美国 Friday星期五 (2)泛指男女或人类时不加冠词。 Men are created equal.人生来是平等的。 (3)学科、语言、球类和棋类以及三餐前不加冠词。 Most
10、 boys like playing basketball in our class. 在我们班里大多数男生喜欢打篮球。 (4)在季节、月份、日期前不加冠词，但是当被一个限定性定语从句修饰或表示一段特定的时间时，前面要加冠词。 In the winter of 2014，his life was totally changed. 在2014年的冬天，他的生活彻底改变了。,(5)当头衔、职业等名词作主语补足语、宾语补足语或同位语时，前面不加冠词。 He was elected president of the company. 他被选为公司的总裁。 (6)复数名词表示泛指时，一般不使用冠词。 W
11、e are students of No.1 Middle School. 我们是第一中学的学生。,即时跟踪2 用适当的冠词填空 (1)I live on second floor. (2)Hangzhou is beautiful city，where you can see famous West Lake. (3)Drivers who use mobile phones on road are more likely to have accidents， science report said recently. (4)Would you like knife and fork，or
12、would you rather use chopsticks，sir? (5)We dont know she is honest girl.,答案,the,a,the,the,a,a,an,.用适当的冠词填空 1.The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of architects and engineers.(2015全国) 2.I just heard bank where Dora works was ro
13、bbed by gunman wearing a mask.(2015重庆) 3.Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.(2015浙江),答案,高考链接,the,the,a,a,the,4.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.(2015四川) 5. more learned a man is, more mode
14、st he usually becomes.(2015陕西) 6.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on top floor.(2014广东) 7.I cant tell you way to the Wilsons because we dont have Wilson here in the village.(2014重庆) 8. village where I was born has grown into town.(2014陕西),答案,a,The,the,the,the,a,The,a,9.The
15、y chose Tom to be captain of the team because they knew he was smart leader.(2014江西) 10.Life is like ocean：Only strongwilled can reach the other shore.(2014天津),答案,the,a,an,the,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside. (2015全国，短文改错) 2.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. (2015浙江，短文改错) 3.That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity！(2014陕西，短文改错), the, a,an,答案,6.In a fact，he even scared my classmates away when they came over to play or do homework with me.(20
