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1、Part ThreeChapter 23 Canadas geography and history加拿大的地理特点：Canadas geography features:1) 座落于美国的北部，仅次于俄罗斯的世界第二大国； lies to the north of the US; the worlds second largest country after Russia.2.地形十分复杂：东部山区沿海省份沿劳伦斯湾和大西洋形成不规则的海岸；西部，太平洋沿岸地区被南北走向的山脉分离，其中包括落基山脉；中部是一个大平原；it has an extremely varied topography
2、:the east part is mountainous maritime provinces have an irregular coastline on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic;The west part, the Pacific border is separated from the rest of the country by mountain ranges from north to south including the Rockies; the central part is a vast plain.3.气候不甚宜
3、人，大部分地区冬季既漫长又寒冷，积雪深厚；所以，大多数人都居住在南部边境地区the climate is unfavorable, much of Canada has long and cold winters with deep snow. So,a major part of the population lives along the southern border. 4.最高峰是落根峰，主要的两大河流是马更些河与圣劳伦斯河。The highest peak is Mount Logan; The two principal river systems are the Mackenzi
4、e River and the St. Lawrence River大约80%的加拿大人住在临近美国边界的大城市中，多伦多是加拿大最大的城市Nearly 80% of Canadians live in large cities near the border with the United States. Toronto, Canadas largest city地理区域及其特点Geographical regions and their characteristics1、大西洋沿岸诸省区：Atlantic Province该地区盛产土豆，旅游业是该地区经济的主要部分potatoes gro
5、w well there ，The tourist trade is an important part of the regions economy. 纽芬兰省东部附近的大浅滩是世界上的大渔场之一，off the eastern shore of Newfoundland, form one of the worlds great fishing grounds.哈利法克斯市，拥有一个长年不冻的天然良港。Halifax, has a good natural harbor that is ice free.2、圣劳伦斯及五大湖省区St. Lawrence-Great Lakes Provin
6、ces这是加拿大最发达的地区。这个地区因均靠近圣劳伦斯河和五大湖区而获益匪浅。This is the most highly developed part of Canada. The region benefits from being near the St, Lawrence River and the Great Lakes.目前它是加拿大人口密度最大的地区，也是工业化程度最高的地区。 魁北克省是加拿大两个最重要的省份之一。法国文化的巨大影响使它与其他省区有所不同。This area is today the most densely populated and industriali
7、zed part of Canada. Quebec is one of Canadas two most important provinces. It differs from the other provinces of Canada because it has a strong French culture.渥太华，加拿大的首都，也位于安大略省。在首都，一半人说法语，一半人说英语。Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is in the province of Ontario. Half of the population of the capital cit
8、y are French speaking and half are English speaking. 3、加拿大地盾区the Canadian Shield 几乎半个加拿大被加拿大地盾所覆盖，对居民没有什么吸引力，但却蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源、水力资源和大片的森林。Almost half of Canada is covered by the Canadian Shield.The Shield, although uninviting to settlement, contains a wealth of minerals, much water power and great forest
9、s. 4、大草原诸省区Prairie provinces它很适于种植小麦It is ideal for growing wheat.5、不列顛哥伦比亚区British Columbia 最重要的山脉是落基山脉和海岸山脉，它们贯穿全省The most important mountain ranges are the Rocky Mountains and the Coast Mountains, which extend the length of the province. 6、北部诸省及地区Northern provinces and territories光秃秃的、人烟稀少的加拿大北部地
10、区占整个国土的4/5。尽管该地区气候恶劣，但成千上万公顷的森林、丰富的矿产资源和许多水资源都正在被开发。The bare, thinly settled region of northern Canada takes up four fifth of the country. In spite of its severe climate, thousands of hectares of forest land, rich mineral deposits, and many sources of water are being developed. 加拿大的形成The Making of C
11、anada 1.欧洲人发现加拿大 The European discovery Kanata是印第安语居住者， 英国人和法国人逐渐征服了西班牙人没有提出主权要求的北美领土，当时被称作新法国的定居点始于1604年，建在皇家港口，在现今天的新斯科舍省。”Kanata”was an Indian Word for “settlement”， The English and French became rivals in the gradual conquest of those parts of North America not claimed by the Spanish. The actual
12、 settlement of New France, as it was then called, began in 1604 at Port Royal in what is now Nova Scotia.2、英法竞争：在7年的英法战争后1756-1763，整个加拿大属于英国统治，The rivalry between the British and the French，the whole of Canada came under the British rule, after the Seven Years war betwenn England and Franch from 175
13、6-17633、英国统治下的加拿大British Canada在魁北克法案中，英国议会赋予了魁北克人作为法裔加拿大人的权力。by the Quebec Act ，British Parliament granted the people of Quebec rights as French Canadians.第一批在加拿大的英国定居者是美国难民，为讲英语的加拿大奠定了基础。The first British settlers in Canada were American refugees，lay the base of English-speaking Canada.根据1791年法案，建
14、立了上加拿大(英国人)和下加拿大(法国人)，根据 1848年的联合法案)，上、下加拿大又合二为一，并且1848年成立了内部自治政府。1867年的英属北美法案，宣布其为自治领。By an Act of 1791 Upper Canada(British)and Lower Canada (French)were created. Act of Union in 1840, the Upper Canada and Lower Canada were united again,it was made a dominion in 1867 by the British North America A
15、ct. 4. 自治政府和联盟制 Self-government and Confederation 1869 年第一位首相约翰麦克唐纳执政(保守党)In 1869 the first prime minister is Sir John Macdonald(Conservative Party),自由党于1896年接管了政权，一位著名的法裔加拿大人，威尔福德鲁瑞尔任总理。他创立了加拿大海军。In 1896, the Liberal Party took over and the country was ruled under Sir Wilfrid Laurier, an eminent Fr
16、ench Canadian, He founded the Canadian Navy在自由党执政时期，加拿大发展很快。During this period Canada experienced rapid growth. 加拿大参加了第一次世界大战,还成为了国际联盟成员国。Canada entered World War I and to take a seat as a member of the League of Nations. 5、加拿大国The Canadian nation 根据1931年的威斯敏斯特条例，加拿大就成为英联邦国家的成员。二战作为英国的同盟参与作战。By the Statute of Westmin
