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1、,International Transportation,12英语3班 鲍梦瑶 盛兰菁 叶晓蕾,Transportation is fundamental to the development and operation of an industrial society. It permits the specialization of work effort necessary to achieve efficiency and productivity. Geographically distant resources become accessible with transportat
2、ion. The economic growth of any society in any part of the world is directly related to the availability of transportation.,Transportation is one of the most important links in import and export. Without transportation, goods cannot be carried from the exporting country to the importing country.,Org
3、anization Instructure,货主是指专门经营进出口商品业务的国家贸易商。 是国际贸易运输中的托运人（Shipper）或收货人（Consignee）,Cargo Owner,Carrier,运输代理人,装卸、理货公司,承运人是指专门经营海上、铁路等运输业务的运输企业。,根据客户指示，为客户利益而揽取货物的人，本人并非承运人 Forwarding Agent货运代理人 Ships Agent船舶代理人,装卸公司 Stevedore 理货公司 Tally Company,Transportion Organization,Major Types of Transportation,O
4、cean Transportation (海洋运输） Land Transportation (陆上运输） Air Transportation (航空运输） Parcel post Transportation(邮包运输） Container Transportation and international multimodal Transport （集装箱运输和国际多式联运） pipeline transportation（管道运输）,Ocean Transport,The most commonly used mode of transport 80% advantages: low c
5、ost, large capacity（容量） disadvantages: slow, vulnerable (敏感的）to bad weather, etc Liner shipping （班轮运输） Chartering transportation （ 租船运输）,Document used,Bill of lading:提单 A shipping document that serves as a receipt from the shipping company for shippers goods, a title document to the goods shipped, a
6、nd an evidence of the contract of carriage between the shipping company and the shipper.,Rail transport,Rail transportation is a major mode of transport with large capacity, and relatively high speed. Advantages: safe, punctual（准时的）, economical, less vulnerable to bad weather Disadvantages: confined
7、 to railroads, less flexible Document used：Rail consignment note铁路托运单,Road transport,Low capacity but very versatile unit of transport which is most flexible in operation. Increasingly dominant between countries connected by roads and plays a very important role in shipping international cargoes to
8、and from sea ports and airports. Ideal for general merchandise （杂货） and selected bulk cargo （散装货） in small quantities conveyed in a specialized road vehicle.,Document used,Road consignment note: 公路托运单 The evidence of the making of the contract and the receipt of the goods by the carrier.,Inland Wate
9、rway(内陆水运）,Inland water transportation mainly refers to the inland transport. It is connected with coastal areas inland hinterland link in transportation and distribution, import and export goods plays a very important role. 内陆水运主要指内河运输。它是连接内陆腹地与沿海地区的纽带，在运输和集散进出口货物中起着重要的作用。,Air transport,Air transpo
10、rtation is one of the latest developed modes of transport. Advantages: It simplifies documentation and provides quick and reliable service for the carriage of goods, thus minimizing（减少） the risk of damage and pilferage（被盗）, the shortage of goods. Disadvantages: high operating cost, limited capacity,
11、 and vulnerable to bad weather.,Air transport,Types of air transportation - scheduled airlines（班机运输） - chartered carriers（包机运输） - consolidated consignment（集中托运） - air express（航空快递）,Document used,Air waybill:航空提单 A receipt, an evidence of contract, but not a title document. Not transferable or negoti
12、able.,Container transportation,Containerization is a method of distributing （分配）merchandise（货物） in a unitized form adopting an inter-modal system which provides a possible combination of sea, road and other modes of transportation.,Container transportation,Types of container and container transporta
13、tion service There are many kinds of container to serve different needs for cargo transportation. Containers can be classified into : dry cargo container, refrigerated（冷冻）/reefer container, tanker container, and car container.,Container transportation,Features: - variety in service - involving one o
14、perator - use of special equipment - low risk of damage - cost saving,International multimodal (combined) transportation,International multimodal transportation means the carriage of cargo from the place of the seller in one country to the site of the buyer in another by at least two modes of transp
15、ort on the basis of a multimodal transportation contract.,International multimodal (combined) transportation,Advantages: - improve the operating efficiency - lower the operating cost - shorten the time period required for the cargo movement（缩短了货物运输时间）,The selection of modes of transportation,FAS（船边交
16、货价格）, FOB（离岸价格）, CFR（运费在内件）,CIF（到岸价）, DES（目的港交货）, and DEQ（目的港码头交货） EXW（工厂交货）, FCA（货交承运人）, CPT（运费付至）, CIP（运费保险费付至）, DAF（边境交货）, DDU（未完税交货）, and DDP（税后交货）,Features of International Transportation,Difference in environment, Higher risks Complex ways of transport Info system (numerous documents) Standardization requirement,Commercial documents: commercial invoice, packing list, weight list/certificate, certificate of origin, quantity
