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1、PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,语法专题（十） 非谓语动词,【中考考点】 (1)动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语以及和疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法。 (2)动词不定式作主语、定语和表语的基本用法。 (3)动名词的用法。 (4)现在分词和过去分词的用法。,不定式有两种,即带to的不定式(to+动词原形)和不带to的不定式。动词不定式的否定结构为“not to do sth”。,考点一 动词不定式,【注意】它没有人称和数的变化。,1.作主语 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。 常用句型结构为“Its+adj./n.+(for/of sb)+to do sth”
2、。 To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is necessary to ask the teacher for help. 向老师寻求帮助是有必要的。,2.作宾语 (1)后接不定式作宾语的动词或短语有 want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。 I hope there before being dark. 我希望天黑以前到那儿。 (2)在think, find, make等动词
3、后通常用it作形式宾语,而将不定式后置,构成“主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。 I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。,to get,3.作宾语补足语 (1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词或短语有 tell, ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。 The teacher told us Exercise 1. 老师告诉我们做练习一。 (2)使役动词let, mak
4、e, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但是,当上述动词变为被动语态时,其后的不定式必须补上to。 We often hear her sing. 我们经常听见她唱歌。 被动语态: She is often heard to sing.,to do,4.作状语 常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。 Mr.Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生将会去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语) 5.作定语 动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面,作后置
5、定语。 I dont have a partner to practise English with. 我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。,6.作表语 Their duty is the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 7.“疑问词+不定式”结构 动词不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。 He doesnt know . 他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语),to look after/take care of,what to wear,考点二 动名词,动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,但有
6、不规则形式。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质。,1.作主语 动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很多情况下可以通用。 Playing/To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有伤害。,2.作宾语 常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有 enjoy, finish, consider(考虑), miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be
7、afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, keep/stopfrom, look forward to, put off, have fun, have problem/difficulty等。 Have you finished the book? 你读完这本书了吗?,reading,3.作表语 The nursesjob is the patients. 护士的工作是照顾病人。 4.作定语 I often go to the . 我经常去阅览室。,【注意】有些动词(短语)后既可接不定式又可接v.-ing形式,但表达的意义不同。
8、常见结构: (1)stop to do sth停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目的状语) stop doing sth停止做某事(v.-ing作宾语) (2)try to do sth 试图(企图)做某事;尽力做某事 try doing sth尝试着做某事,looking after/taking care of,reading room,(3)forget to do sth忘记要做某事(还没做) forget doing sth忘记做过某事(已做) (4)remember to do sth记着要做某事(还没做) remember doing sth记得做过某事(已做) (5)go on t
9、o do sth做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事 go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事 (6)sth need doing (某事)需要做(被动含义) need to do sth 需要去做某事(主动含义),考点三 分词(现在分词及过去分词),分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.-ing)有主动、进行之意;过去分词(v.-ed)有被动、完成之意。,1.作定语 China is a country. America is a country. 中国是一个发展中国家。美国是一个发达国家。 I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。
10、 2.作表语 The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。,developing developed,3.作宾语补足语 I saw her going upstairs. 我看见她正在上楼。 I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍一些照片。 4.作状语 Laughing and talking, they went into the room. 他们有说有笑地走进了房间。,5.现在分词与过去分词的区别 (1)在语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。 the ruling peo
11、ple 统治阶级 the ruled people 被统治阶级 (2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the developing country 发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家,6.易混结构 使役动词(make, keep, let, have等)易混结构的区分。 如 have sb doing sth与have sth done 的区别: (1)have sb doing sth 意为“让某人一直做某事”, doing这个动作具有持续性。 The boss had the workers working all day.
12、 老板让工人们工作了一整天。 (2)have sth done 意为“让某人做某事”,相当于ask sb to do sth, done 表示让他人完成,有被动之意。 I had my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。,中考真题演练,1. 2018北部湾 Our teacher often tells us in the river.Its dangerous. A.not swim B.not to swim C.to swim D.swimming 2. 2018梧州 Jim went to the library some scienc
13、e magazines yesterday. A.borrow B.borrows C.to borrow D.borrowed,B,C,中考真题演练,3.2018贵阳改编 Chinese parents always try their best a good education environment for their kids. A.provide B.to provide C.providing D.provided,答案 B 解析 考查非谓语动词。try ones best to do sth“尽某人最大努力做某事”。故选B。,中考真题演练,5. 2018绥化改编 Would yo
14、u mind down the music? Its too noisy. A.turning B.turn C.to turn D.turned 6. 2018绥化改编 My mother doesnt allow me outside too late on school nights. A.to stay B.stay C.staying D.stayed,答案 5.A 6.A 解析 考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth是固定搭配,此时动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。,中考真题演练,7. 2018绥化改编 People are supposed hands when th
15、ey meet for the first time in America. A.shaking B.shake C.to shake D.shook 8. 2018 长春 I go to my grandparents home with their housework every Sunday. A.help B.helped C.to help D.helping,C,C,中考真题演练,9. 2018百色 Tom, why have you decided Chinese folk music as a course? Because I like Chinese culture very much. A.take B.taken C.taking D.to take 10. 2018兰州 Bobs father cant stand soap operas.He enjoys sports games on TV. A.watch
