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1、,电子信息专业英语 Unit 2 Circuits,大连理工大学出版社,Contents,Text,Circuits,An electric circuit often consists of four parts: a source or power supply such as a battery, the conductors or wires, the control device such as a switch, and the load. The load is a device or a machine. Within the load the actual energy co
2、nversion takes place. The lamp, the resistor and the motor are common examples of electric loads.,电 路 电路通常包含四个部分：电源，如电池；导体或导线，控制器件，如开关；负载。负载是一个器件或一台机器。在负载中能够发生能量转换。电灯、电阻器和电动机都是电负载的一些普通实例。,power supply 电源 battery n. 电池 conductor n. 导体 wire n. 金属丝, 电线 switch n. 开关, 电闸, 转换 load n. 负载 machine n. 机器, 机械
3、energy conversion 能量转换 lamp n. 灯 motor n. 发动机, 电动机,Text,Any combination of a conductor and a source of e.m.f. which permits electrons to travel round in a continuous stream is called an electric circuit. A lamp connected across a dry cell is an example of a simple electrical circuit.,任何有电子连续不断流动的导体和
4、电动势源的组合都叫电路。 一盏连接干电池的灯就是一个简单电路的实例。,e.m.f. 电动势,是electromotive force的缩写 electron n. 电子 dry cell 干电池,,Company Logo,Text,The current flows from the negative - terminal of the cell, through a lamp, to the positive + terminal, and the action of the cell is such that it provides a “regenerative” path for t
5、he flow of electrons to be maintained through the negative - terminal once again.,电流从电池的负极（）通过电灯，流向正极（），电池的作用就是通过负极（）为电子流提供一条再生通道。,negative terminal 负极 positive terminal 正极 regenerative a. 再生的, 反馈的,Text,As long as this electrical pathway remains unbroken at any point, it is a closed circuit, and the
6、 current flows.,只要电路中任何点都保持连通，该电路就是一个闭合电路，就有电流流过。但是如果通路有断开处，则该电路就是一个开路，就无电流流过。,但是如果通路有断开处,则该电路就是一个开路,就无电流流过 句中谓语be broken 是虚拟语气,表示将来有可能实现的一种设想,用动词原形表示;ever在这里加强语气,But if the pathway be ever broken, it becomes at once an open circuit, and no current can flow.1,pathway n. 路, 径 closed circuit 闭路 open c
7、ircuit 开路,Text,Series circuits and parallel circuits are two main types of circuit connection. When electrical devices are connected so that the current is not divided at any point, they are said to be connected in series. The current in every part of this kind of circuit is the same.,串联电路和并联电路是电路的两
8、种主要接法。当电器元件连接时，电流没有分流，这种连接称为串联。串联电路中的每一处电流都是相同的。事实上，在日常电工操作中，最常见的是含两个或两个以上支路的电路。,事实上,在日常电工操作中,最常见的是含两个或两个以上支路的电路 where是关系副词,引导定语从句,在从句中作状语;deal with意为:处理,翻译时引申了其词意;branch在句子中作动词,意为:分成,As a matter of fact, in everyday electric work we very often deal with circuits where the current branches between t
9、wo or more paths.2,series circuit 串联电路 parallel circuit 并联电路,,Company Logo,Text,In parallel circuits the total current is equal to the sum of all the currents that are passing through the branches.,例如一般的家庭照明电路，电灯是并联的，每盏灯代表一条从主电路中的负极到正极的独立通路。在并联电路中，总电流量等于流过电路中各支路的电流总和。,例如一般的家庭照明电路,电灯是并联的,每盏灯代表一条从主电路中
10、的负极到正极的独立通路“each lamp filament representing ” 为分词的独立结构,用作状语each lamp filament为分词representing的逻辑主语,In ordinary house lighting, for instance, lamps are connected in parallel, each lamp filament representing an independent path from the minus main wire to the plus wire.3,filament n. 细丝, 灯丝 minus a. 负的,
11、 减的 plus a. 正的, 加的 sum n. 总数, 和,Text,Many practical circuits are arranged in series-parallel. This condition is particularly advantageous when it is necessary to operate loads that have different voltages and current requirements from the same source of energy.,许多实用的电路是串并联混合。这种电路能够把串联电路具有的不同电压与并联电路具
12、有的不同电流特征结合在一个网路内。当负载对同一个电源要求有不同的电压和电流时，这种电路特别有用。,这种电路能够把串联电路的不同电压与并联电路的不同电流特征结合在一个网路内句中make it possible 中的it 为形式宾语;不定式短语to combine the different voltage . within a single network是真正的宾语,Such circuits make it possible to combine the different voltage characteristic of a series circuit with the differe
13、nt current characteristic of a parallel circuit within a single network.4,series-parallel 串并联 network n. 网络,,Company Logo,Text,To analyze the circuit, we can use the circuit simplification techniques, and we can also use the circuit analysis techniques. We can analyze relatively simple resistive cir
14、cuits by applying Kirchhoffs Laws in combination with Ohms Law, or simplify a circuits structure by using Thvenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits. We can use those approaches for all circuits, but as they become structurally more complicated and involve more and more elements, this direct method soon
15、 becomes cumbersome.,为了分析电路，我们可以使用电路化简方法，也可以使用电路分析方法。 通过应用同欧姆定律结合的基尔霍夫定律，或者通过使用戴维南和诺顿等效电路化 简电路结构，可以分析相对简单的阻性电路。对于所有的电路都可以使用这些方法，但是当电路结构更复杂、引入更多元件的时候，这种直接求解的方法很快就变得麻烦了。,circuit simplification technique 电路化简方法 circuit analysis technique 电路分析方法 resistive circuit 阻性电路 Thvenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 戴维南和诺顿等效电路 cumbersome a. 讨厌的, 麻烦的, 笨重的,,Company Logo,Text,At this time we can use the two general analytical methods. They are two powerful techniques of circuit analysis that aid in the analysis of complex circuit structures, the node-voltage method and the mesh-current method. A node
