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1、Machine Elements,http:/,大连理工大学出版社,Unit 1,机 电 英 语,Contents,Part Passage A,However simple, any machine is a combination of individual components generally referred to as machine elements or parts.,因此,如果把机床完全拆开,就可以得到像螺母螺栓弹簧齿轮凸轮及轴等简单零件所有机器的组合元件 if 引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,无论任何简单的机床，都是由单一元件即通称为机械零件或部件组成的。因此，如果把机床
2、完全拆卸，就可得到像螺母、螺栓、弹簧、齿轮、凸轮和轴等简单零件所有机器的组合元件。,Thus, if a machine is completely dismantled, a collection of simple parts remains such as nuts, bolts, springs, gears, cams and shaftsthe building block of all machinery.1,Machine Elements,Part Passage A,A machine element is, therefore, a single unit designe
3、d to perform a specific function and capable of combining with other elements. such as nuts and bolts or keys and shafts. In other instance, a group of elements are combined to form a subassembly, such as bearings, couplings and clutches.,因此，机械零件就是可以执行某种具体功能，而且能与其它零件配合的简单零件。有时候某些特定的元件必须成对的工作，例如螺栓与螺母
4、，键与轴。在有些情况下，一组零件组成一装配件，比如：轴承、联轴器与离合器。,有时某些特定的元件必须成对地工作 be associated in pairs: 成对地结合 例如:I am associated with him in business.我与他两人合伙经商,Sometimes certain elements are associated in pairs,2,Machine Elements,Part Passage A,机械零件中最常见的是齿轮，它实际上是由轮子和杆组合并带有齿的轮子。在轴毂或轴上旋转的齿轮驱动其他齿轮做加速或减速运动，这取决于主动齿轮的齿数。,机器零件中最常见
5、的是齿轮,它实际上是由轮子和杆组成的带有齿的轮子在轮毂或轴上旋转的齿轮驱动其他齿轮做加速或减速运动,这取决于主动齿轮的齿数 which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰gear;不定式短语 to form a toothed wheel 作结果状语;分词短语depending upon 作原因状语,The most common example of a machine element is a gear, which, fundamentally, is a combination of the wheel and the lever to form a toothed wheel. The ro
6、tation of this gear on a hub or shaft drives other gears that may rotate faster or slower, depending upon the number of teeth on the basic wheels.3,Machine Elements,Part Passage A,Other fundamental machine elements have evolved from wheel and lever. A wheel must have a shaft on which it may rotate.
7、The wheel is fastened to the shafts with couplings. The shaft must rest in bearings, may be turned by a pulley with a belt or a chain connecting it to a pulley on a second shaft.,其他基本机械零件包含轮子和杆。轮子必须装在轴上才可以转动。轮子用联轴器夹紧固定在轴上，轴必须安装在轴承里，由带或链条与第二根轴相连，并带动第二根轴转动。,Machine Elements,Part Passage A,Proper appli
8、cation of these machine elements depends upon knowledge of the force on the structure and the strength of the materials employed.,支承结构可用螺栓、铆钉或通过焊接固定装配在一起。这些机械零件的正确使用，取决于是否懂得作用于结构上的力和所用材料的强度等相关方面的知识。,支撑结构可由螺栓或铆钉或通过焊接固定在一起 be assembled with:由安装;by welding 作方式状语,The supporting structure may be assemble
9、d with bolts or rivets or by welding.4,Machine Elements,Part Passage A,The individual reliability of machine elements becomes the basis for estimating the overall life expectancy of a complete machine. Many machine elements are thoroughly standardized. Testing and practical experience have establish
10、ed the most suitable dimensions for common structural and mechanical parts.,单个机械零件的可靠性成为评估整台机器使用寿命的基本因素。 很多机械零件是完全标准化的。普通结构和机械部件的最适合的尺寸可以借助测试或实际经验来确定。,Machine Elements,Part Passage A,Through standardization, uniformity of practice and resulting economics are obtained. Not all machine parts in use ar
11、e standardized, however. In the automotive industry only fasteners, bearings, bushings, chains and belts are standardized. Crankshafts and connecting rods are not standardized.,采用标准化可以获得实际应用上的一致性和经济上的实惠。然而，并非所有的零件都是标准的。在自动化工业中，只有紧固件、轴承、轴套、传动链和传动带是标准元件。曲轴及连杆并不是标准元件。,Machine Elements,Part Passage A,1.
12、 What is a machine element?,Exercises,. Answer the following questions according to the passage.,A machine element is a single unit designed to perform a specific function and capable of combining with other elements.,2. Which is the most common machine element?,The most common example of a machine
13、element is a gear, which, fundamentally, is a combination of the wheel and the lever to form a toothed wheel.,3. What are other fundamental machine elements?,Other fundamental machine elements have evolved from wheel and lever.,Part Passage A,Exercises,. Answer the following questions according to t
14、he passage.,4. Which element is regarded as the basis for estimating the overall life expectancy of a complete machine?,The reliability of individual machine elements.,5. Which machine elements are standardized in the automotive industry?,In the automotive industry only fasteners, bearings, bushings
15、, chains and belts are standardized.,Part Passage A,Exercises,. Translate the following phrases.,1. 机械零件,machine element,2. 简单零件,simple part,3. 自动化工业,the automotive industry,4. 单一元件,individual component,5. 主动齿轮,the basic wheel,6. the individual reliability of machine elements,机械零件的可靠性,7. the overall
16、 life expectancy of a complete machine,整台机器使用寿命,8. the building block of the machinery,机器的组合元件,9. the supporting structure,支撑结构,10.the strength of the materials,材料强度,Part Passage A,Exercises,. Fill in the blanks with the proper words listed in the box. Change the word form if necessary.,Standardize reliable machinery component uniform expectancy assemble individual gear estimate,1. Comp
