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1、Unit6 Earth Buildings,新世纪高职高专 旅游与酒店管理类课程规划教材,,,大连理工大学出版社,Contents,1,2,3,4,5,Lead-in,Text,Exercises,Reading Skill,Related Information,,大连理工大学出版社,Lead-in,Do you know any old buildings in the southwest of China? What are they? Can you say anything about them? Discuss these questions with your partner.,
2、,大连理工大学出版社,Text,The Earth Buildings of Hakka The earth buildings of Hakka have a long history. As early as one thousand years ago, due to the war, famine and other reasons, Hakka people gradually migrated south from Central China and settled mainly in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces. The loc
3、als called them Hakka meaning “guest families” when they first settled in. As a latecomer to new places initially occupied by locals, Hakkas usually had to struggle and survive on the less desirable lands. Thus, Hakka people are well-known for their perseverance even in the most adverse environment.
4、 The Hakkas who lived in Yongding and Nanjing (southwest of Fujian Province) created their unique architecture called Earth Building. .,,大连理工大学出版社,Text,These communal houses made of compacted earth were built to provide protection against bandits and wild animals. With all the halls, storehouses, we
5、lls and bedrooms inside, the huge tower-like building functions almost as a small fortified city. When constructing the walls with rammed earth, Hakkas used branches, strips of wood and bamboo chips laid in the wall as “bones” to reinforce it. The earth buildings are so well-lit, well-ventilated, wi
6、ndproof and quakeproof that they are warm in winter and cool in summer. They are spacious and made up of different shapes like round, five-phoenix, square, rectangular, and semi-circular.,,大连理工大学出版社,Text,One of the popular types of Hakka earth buildings is the Round Earth Building. This type of buil
7、ding is round in shape and divided into three classes namely: small, medium and large. The small one is usually 2 to 3 stories tall with a single ring, having 21 to 28 rooms. The medium, 3 to 4 stories tall with a large inner open space (single ring) or double rings, has 30 to 40 rooms. The large, u
8、sually 4 to 5 stories tall consisting of as many as three rings, contains 42 to 58 rooms. Most of the round buildings are three stories high with a diameter of 70-80 meters. It is a “group-oriented” residence, usually with one main entrance and a one meter thick wall.,,大连理工大学出版社,Text,The main entran
9、ce door is padded with iron sheet and locked by 2 horizontal wood bars. The wooden bars retract into the walls in order to open the door. Inside the entrance is a huge central courtyard where all the doors of the rooms and inner windows open facing it. Normally, the rooms at the ground level are use
10、d as kitchens and dining rooms. The rooms on the second floor are used for storage and those on the third level are used as bedrooms. In front of each room, there is an open round hallway and usually there are 4 staircases to move from one level to another. Chengqi Tower, one of the most famous roun
11、d earth buildings, is located in Gaobei Village, Gaotou Town in Yongding. It started construction from Emperor Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty to Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty.,,大连理工大学出版社,Text,Its diameter is 73 meters and perimeter of the hallway is 229 meters. There are three rings: the outer r
12、ing has 4 floors with the height of 16 meters, having 72 rooms; the second ring has 2 floors and each concludes 40 rooms; the third only has one floor consisting of 32 rooms. In the center there is an ancestral hall. The whole building covers 5,376 square meters, with 400 rooms, 3 main entrances, an
13、d 2 wells, in which 400 people of 60 families can live. The architectural style of the building was so unique, magnificent and full of local characteristics that it was collected in Chinas resorts dictionary in 1981, honored as “the King of Earth Buildings” and listed as the World Heritage Site by t
14、he UNESCO in 2008.,,大连理工大学出版社,Text,Five-phoenix Buildings are the most representative of Hakka traditional Zhong Yuan culture as they were built according to Zhong Yuan (Central China) imperial court pattern. The five-phoenix represents five different types of “birds” in five different colors: pink,
15、 yellow, green, purple, and white. It also represents the north, east, south, west and central sections, thus namely Five-phoenix. There are variations based on the patterns as following: three-hall pattern, two-hall and one side-room pattern, three-hall and two side-room pattern, three-hall and two
16、 side-room plus the “Wei Long” (curl-back dragon) in the back, nine-hall and two cross pattern, etc. all based on the central axis.,,大连理工大学出版社,Text,The most popular building is the three central-hall and two side-room pattern. The back tang and left-right rooms are usually of two-story. In front of the building is a semicircular pond, and th
