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1、标题：英美文学精华笔记（第一章）一文艺复兴时期：The Renaissance: marks a translation from the medieval, means rebirth or revival ,is a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient of Roman and Greek culture .本质上： in essence, is a historical period in which a. the Europe thinker a
2、nd scholars try to get rid of the old feudalist封建主张 in medieval Europe b. to empress the interest of the bourgeoisie c. and to recover purity of the early church 1意大利兴起(14th-mid-17th) 2.人文主义humanism: a. The essence of the Renaissance b. From: It started with the effort of restoring a medieval revere
3、nce for the antique author c. T Frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance d. The reason: Greek and Roman people believe that man is the measure of all thingse. Conception: emphasizing强调 the dignity高贵 of the human beings and importance of the present lifef. Beliefs: man didnt have right to
4、 the beauty of this life but could perfect himself and perform wonders 3.文艺复兴文学渊源 4。英国文艺复兴(15th-17th) religious reformation: slow for the domestic unrest内乱5宗教改革和影响：Encouraged by Luther preaching ,reformers from northern Europe vitalize the Protestant movement, which was seen as a mean to recover the
5、 purity of the early churchThe religious reformation was actually a reflection of the class struggle waged by the new rising bourgeoisie against the feudal封建的 class and its ideology意识形态二英国文艺复兴时文学：1伊丽沙白时代的背景 2。意大利对英国文学的影响 3。伊丽沙白时戏剧4伊丽沙白时的诗歌 三文艺复兴时的主要作家：A埃德蒙。斯宾塞（1552-1599）Edmund Spenser1生平：born in Lon
6、don, masterpiece名著：The Faerie Queene 2。创作：*抒情诗lyrics*传奇史诗仙后构思。情节。The purpose of Redcrosses quest is to free the original mankind, the parents of Una内容。主题:the theme is “Fierce warres and faithfull loves.” The scenery is not classical but romantic3。选读*仙后选的内容语言特点:The good are subjects called Faeries wh
7、o undergo the trail and tribulations, but the events are told in romance in order to arouse wonder. *斯宾塞的诗节构成及特点1.a perfect melody 2.a rare sense of beauty 3.a splendid imagination 4.a lofty moral purity and seriousness and 5. a dedicated idealismB克里斯托夫。马洛Christophor Marlowe(1564-1593) 1.生平及创作生涯born
8、 in Canterbury , die in a quarrel at 29 2.马洛著名悲剧：占木耳大帝Tamburlaine浮士德博士的悲剧The Tragic of Doctor Faustus(1584,in London)马耳他的犹太人The Jew of Malta(1590) 3.马洛的思想艺术成就：无韵诗体blank verse-戏剧语言的基本形式,被称为the mighty lines雄伟诗行人物塑造-具有强烈个性和反叛精神主人公individualistic, full of ambition主题思想-人文主义颂歌the carol of humanism 4.选读：马洛
9、田园诗的主题： 意象*浮士德博士的悲剧选的主要内容: Faustus is a scholar who has a strong desire to acquire all kinds of knowledge. He is bored of his present study and turns to the black magic. C威廉。莎士比亚William Shakespeare 1生平37部戏剧，两首长诗和154首十四行诗 37部戏剧2创作生涯：早，中，晚3.代表作，梗概，情节，人物，语言，思想威尼斯商人The Merchant of Venice 哈姆雷特Hamlet 暴风雨T
10、he Tempest4.诗歌：叙事诗epic，十四行诗sonnet5.其戏剧的思想意义:对社会现实的批判对人文主义的歌颂6.莎士比亚的艺术成就人物塑造neither merely nor type ones, but are individuals representing certain types情节结构:adroit(机智的) plot（情节结构）, several thread through the play 语言风格:in different poetic forms7.选读：十四行诗（18）的主题:A nice summer day is usually transient, b
11、ut the beauty in the poetry can last forever 意象:Has a profound meditation on the destructive power of time and brought the eternal beauty to the one who he loves 威尼斯商人选的主题人物性格语言特点:To praise the friendship of Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty , wit, loyalty and to
12、expose insatiable, brutality, greed of the Jew. Renaissance spirit can be seen in contrast to the medieval emphasis 哈姆雷特(1601)选的主要内容 : The theme is around to be or not to be(生与死)D弗兰西斯。培根Francis Bacon(1561-1626)1生平: a well-known philosopher his Essays is the first example of that genre in English lit
13、erary, which has been recognize as an important landmark2作品:The Advance of Learning , Novum Organum , New and Old , The History of the Reign of Henry7 3The Advance of Learning的特点:a great tract on education. Book1 highly praises the knowledge, divide the knowledge into two kinds, one is obtained from
14、 Divine Revelation, the other is from workings of human mind. Book2 is a survey of learning which explain the importance in scholarship. 4.培根的杰出贡献对科学论说文的重大意义: 选读：论说文结构，内容，语言特点:Of Studies is the most popular of Bacons 58 essays. It analyzes what studies server for, the different ways adopted by diffe
15、rent people to pursue studies and how studies exert influence over human character.Forceful and persuasive, compact and precise, Of studies reveals Bacons mature attitude towards learning E约翰。邓恩John Donne (1572-1631)1邓恩与玄学诗派玄学诗派简介:The term “metaphysical poetry”(玄学诗派) is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Done.主题，语言，意象2邓恩的生平3创作：早期 爱情 与 晚期 宗教 4选读：主题 语言 意象 F跃翰。弥尔顿John Milton(1608-1674)1生平: Born in London, 2文学创作：早期诗歌，中期散文，晚期史诗3利西达斯挽歌及特点: The poem begins with
