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1、Unit TenText A The Road to HappinessDetailed Study of the Text:1. About the author Bertrand Arthur William Russell (b.1872 d.1970) was a British philosopher, logician, essayist and social critic best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His most influential contributions
2、 include his defense of logicism (the view that mathematics is in some important sense reducible to logic), his refining of the predicate calculus introduced by Gottlob Frege (which still forms the basis of most contemporary logic), his defense of neutral monism (the view that the world consists of
3、just one type of substance that is neither exclusively mental nor exclusively physical), and his theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism. Along with G.E. Moore, Russell is generally recognized as one of the founders of modern analytic philosophy. Along with Kurt Gdel, he is regularly c
4、redited with being one of the most important logicians of the twentieth century.Over the course of his long career, Russell made significant contributions, not just to logic and philosophy, but to a broad range of subjects including education, history, political theory and religious studies. In addi
5、tion, many of his writings on a variety of topics in both the sciences and the humanities have influenced generations of general readers.After a life marked by controversyincluding dismissals from both Trinity College, Cambridge, and City College, New YorkRussell was awarded the Order of Merit in 19
6、49 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. Noted for his many spirited anti-war and anti-nuclear protests, Russell remained a prominent public figure until his death at the age of 97.2. This is only true if you pursue it unwisely. (para.1)If you pursue happiness in an inappropriate way, you can
7、never get it by pursuing.pursue: make efforts to achieve a particular aim or result for example: He will pursue a trade policy that protects American workers.3. If you pursue it by means of drink, you are forgetting the hang-over. (para.1)If you try to achieve happiness by drinking a lot, that means
8、 you forget the discomfort caused by it. by means of : depend on; recur to. hang-over: If someone wakes up with a hangover, they feel sick and have a headache because they have drunk a lot of alcohol the night before.4. Epicurus pursued it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry brea
9、d, supplemented by a little cheese on feast days. (para.1)Epicurus(伊壁鸠鲁)was born around 341 BC, died in 271BC. He is one of the major philosophers in the Hellenistic period (希腊时代).5. In one sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong.(para.2) Here，”as to” is a compound preposition.
10、More examples about “as to” are as following. 1)表示涉及某点：as to常放于句中，表示“关于方面”、“有关之事”，但为了突出要提及的人或事之时，也可将as to置于句首，以示强调。但只涉及内容，而不涉及讲话人的态度。例如： His wife，an old teacher，has no complaint as to salary As to your ability to overfulfil the target，I never had the slightest doubt 2)用以重提旧事：as to引出的内容都是前文曾经提到过的或者谈话
11、对方都有所了解的，表示“说到”之义。，例如： As to doing that，I havent decided yet As to the question you raised in your last letter，I think that it is unanswerable 3)用于提出问题：as to必须位于句中，前面出现的大都是表达某种心理活动的动词，形容词或名词，其后引接出wh-clause或who-to-v结构，表示“在的问题上”、“就问题来讲”，所引出的问题都有很强的针对性。但有人认为这里的罄to显得多余，去之亦通。所以，有时也不必译出。例如： There is some
12、doubt as to whether the proposal is practicable I enquired of the clerk as to which documents were needed 4)引出做事的依据：as to还有“按照”、“根据”的含义，而as for则无此义。例如： The shoes are correctly placed on the shelf as to size and colour The items on the agenda are listed as to order of importance6. Animals live on imp
13、ulse, and are happy as long as external conditions are favorable. (para.2)The life of animals depends on their impulse, and they are content if only external conditions are pleasing.Live on: continue to live by depending on People have to live on something more nourishing than hope.7. Your needs are
14、 more complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. (para.2)complex: adj. complicated in structure; consisting of interconnected partscomplicated: difficult to analyze or understandFor example: This project involves a lot of complex technical problems.We should learn t
15、o discern and analyze the essentials of complicated questions.8. you will see that they all have certain things in common. (para.3)In this sentence, “in common” serves as postpositive attributive, meaning “similar”. e.g. We have nothing in common. But one thing all adults have in common is they made
16、 it through puberty.9. The most important of these things is an activity which at most gradually builds up something that you are glad to see coming into existence. (para.3)build up: (phrasal verb) enlarge, develop, or increase by degrees or in stages.build up: (n.) the act of building up an accumulation.
