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1、第一编,专题一 阅读理解,考点2 推理判断题,真 题 体 验,Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs
2、of some hungry worms.,greater wax moth,Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and
3、broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massapparently broken down by
4、enzymes(酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.,Federica Bertocchini，coauthor of the study，says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene
5、，the carboncarbon bond，is there as well，”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ” Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared
6、 with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)？,Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help e
7、mploy the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ” 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。, What can we learn about the worms in the st
8、udy？ _ AThey take plastics as their everyday food. BThey are newly evolved creatures. CThey can consume plastics. DThey wind up in landfills. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“. found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene. ”和第二句中的the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams可知，研
9、究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。,C, According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to _. Aidentify other means of the breakdown Bfind out the source of the enzyme Cconfirm the research findings Dincrease the breakdown speed 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The next step. Is it
10、 an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。选项B“查明酶的来源”与此吻合。,B, It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might _. Ahelp to raise worms Bhelp make plastic bags Cbe used to clean the oceans Dbe produced in factories in future 解析：推理判断题。根据最后
11、一段第二句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply millions of worms. ”可知，研究人员期望不仅仅能用大蜡螟蠕虫去清理塑料垃圾，也期望在某种工业流程中用这种化学制品，这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。,D, What is the main purpose of the passage？ _ ATo explain a study method on worms. BTo introduce the diet of a special
12、worm. CTo present a way to break down plastics. DTo propose new means to keep ecobalance. 解析：推理判断题。作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项C与此意吻合。,C,B (2018全国，C) Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun，according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. While the declin
13、e over the past decade is steep for teen readers，some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives，and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the reports key findings，“the proportion(比例)who say theyhardly everread for fun has gone fr
14、om 8 percent of 13yearolds and 9 percent of 17yearolds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today. ”,The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children，ages 28，remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined，from closer to
15、an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. When it comes to technology and reading，the report does little to counsel(建议)parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading，mainly due to concerns a
16、bout increased screen time.,The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently，compared to infrequent readers，have more books in the home，more books purchased for them，parents who read more often，and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school appro
