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1、Comment U1: 火焰原子吸收光谱法(Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) 该方法灵敏度高、选择性好,可应用于金属锌、锌合金、电池用锌粉和锌饼中痕量铁的测定,测定范围:0.00001% 0.01%.环境工程 吉红洁 S20120436Study of Remediation of Soil Contamined with Heavy Metals by Coal Fly Ash关于粉煤灰修复土壤重金属污染的研究ABSTRACT 摘要The labile fraction of heavy metals in soils is the most imp
2、ortant for toxicity for plants. Thus it is crucial to reduce this fraction in contamined soils to decrease the negative effect of heavy metals. In an experiment, the effects of two additives on the labile fractions of Cu, Mn and Zn were investigated in a soil contamined during long-term application.
3、 The additive used was the coal fly ash. The treated soil was further enriched with heavy metals and allowed to age at room temperature for 30 days. After this period, they were extracted plant-available (EDTA; HNO3; CH3COOH) metal species. The addition of fly ash strongly reduced the plant-availabl
4、e of Mn for plants but to a lesser extent this applies to the plant-available of Cu and Zn for plants. By addition of 1% of fly ash as well as 2% of fly ash, the labile fraction of Cu, Mn and Zn were lowered by 6.3, 145.0 and 29.7 mg kg1, respectively. Moreover essential correlation between total Cu
5、 and Zn contents was stated in the soil with plant-available content of metals, with reference to both metals. Value of coefficients of correlation is attesting to it between the total and plant-available Cu and Zn contents which are respectively equal: R(Cu) = 0.845, R(Mn) = 0.864 and R(Zn) = 0.872
6、 for p = 99.5%. The results suggested that leading into the soil of the additional amount of fly ash can be an effective way of chemical remediation with reference to soils contaminated by Cu or Mn or Zn. Because he causes immobilization of examined heavy metals in the soil and in the process in the
7、 arrangement asoil is limiting the availability of these metals plant and more distant bonds of the food chain. 土壤中重金属的不稳定部分对植物来说是最重要的毒性。因此在降低土壤重金属的负面影响方面,减少污染土壤中的这部分是至关重要的。在同一个实验中,两种添加剂在铜、锰和锌的不稳定部分的影响应在土壤污染中长期应用。使用的添加剂是粉煤灰。经过处理的土壤是进一步富含重金属并且室温下成熟30天。经过该阶段,它们被提取植物可用(乙二胺四乙酸;硝酸;乙酸)金属物种。粉煤灰的添加强烈降低了锰和锌的
8、植物可用性,但在较小程度上这也适用于铜和锌的植物可用性。通过添加1%的粉煤灰以及2%的粉煤灰,铜、锰和锌的不稳定部分分别被降低了6.3,145.0和29.7毫克/公斤。而且土壤中铜和锌总含量的基本相关性被规定,包括两种金属的植物可用性。相关性系数值证明它在植物可用铜和锌总含量平的:R(铜)=0.845,R(Mn)= 0.864和R(锌)= 0.872,p = 99.5%。结果表明,土壤中主要的额外数量的粉煤灰是一种化学修复的有效途径,参照土壤污染的锰、铜或锌。因为他引起土壤重金属检测的固定化 限制了这些金属厂的可用性和更远食物链的联合。Keywords: Soil Remediation; H
9、eavy Metals; Coal Fly Ash; FAAS 关键词:土壤修复;重金属;粉煤灰;火焰原子吸收光谱法1. Introduction 引言The main of the environmental problems in industrialized countries is the environmental impact, especially with heavy metals. Increased the concentration of heavy metals constitute a serious health threat of people and anima
10、ls. Contamination with heavy metals can affect the whole environment, but the longest-lasting effects occur in the soils, on account of the absorption of many metals on mineral and organic colloids. Metals, unlike other pollutants, remain in the atomic form, although their speciation can change in t
11、he time together with changes in the soil conditions 1.在工业化国家主要的环境问题是环境影响,尤其是重金属。重金属浓度的增加对构人类和动物的健康成严重威胁。重金属污染会影响整个环境,但持续影响时间最长的是发生在土壤中,由于许多金属的吸收是矿物和有机胶体。金属,与其它污染物不同，尽管他们的物种形成可以随着时间和土壤条件的改变而改变，但它一直以原子形式存在1。The long-lasting nature of contamination is dependent in the kind of the soil and its physicoc
12、hemical properties. Removing heavy metals from the soil is a very difficult problem, because they are specific permanent pollution, which can in many causes data pack a few hundred or of even thousands of years 2. It results from it the self purification processes are occurring in the soils very slo
13、wly 3. Therefore, the contaminated soils should be recultivation, which in light of the applicable laws in Poland to lead to a reduction in the total content of pollutants in the soil to a state defined by standards of the quality of the soils and land 4.污染物的自然持久性由土壤及其物理化学性质决定。土壤中重金属的去除是个非常困难的问题,因为它
14、们是特定永久性污染,它可以在由许多原因造成，持续几百，甚至几千年2。它的产生与它自我净化过程在土壤中非常缓慢3。因此,被污染的土壤应当复植,该举措根据波兰适用法律减少土壤中污染物总量从而达到土壤和土地定义标准质量4。On the review of work of available methods remediation that the next technical methods remediation that the next technical methods (ex-situ extraction 5,6, and in-situ 7,8, electrochemical met
15、hods 9-12, the use of zeolites 13-15), also offer promising prospects phytoremediation methods, especially phytoextraction, involving the removal of pollutants from the soil, together with about-ground biomass of crops 16. It seems that the treatment is sufficiently effective immobilization of heavy
16、 metals in the soil, effectively limiting their negative impact on the environment 17. The immobilization is one of the chemical methodsremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals, consisting of heavy metals in an inaccessible form for plants, so their presence in the food chain is much lower, thus reducing the negative health and environmental effects. 回顾工作中修复方法的可用性，接下来的技术补救方法 (非原位提取5,6,原位提取7,8,电化学方法(9 - 12),使用沸石13 - 15),还提供了广阔的前景,特别是植
