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1、【宾语从句歌诀】宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。一、三姊妹：宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如We knew（that）we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如Please tell me if/whether you
2、 have been to America.注意：平时可以互换，但后面有动词不定式或介词或or/or not在后面时，只能用whether.3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?二、三关1. 引导词关 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词who, whom, whose, what, which。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，
3、即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard（that）he will
4、 come back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said thatlight travels much faster than sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife?” H
5、e asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her hone number?” He asked me.He asked me if I know her phone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know? Where does he live? Do you know where he
6、lives?四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow, I wont come.（时间状语从句）“如果”就用一般现在时I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） “是否”用将来时五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet was lying on
7、the ground.She found the wallet lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me how I ca
8、n get to the station? Can you tell me how to get to the station 练习题目一1 He often says,” I shall tell you about them.” He often tells me that _ will tell_ about_.A.I; you; them B.he;me; them; C.he; you; us D. I; me; you 2 Im not sure _.A what is his name. B)what his name is. C) his name is what D)what
9、s his name3 I asked him how much_.A does his new car cost B)did his new car costC) his new car costed D)his new car cost4)I dont know _.A where does he live B)where did he live C) where he lives D)he lives where5)I didnt know_.A what she said B)what did she say C) what she spoke D)what was she speak
10、ing6)I dont know_.A when he will come back B)when will he come backC)when does he come back D)when did he come back7)Could you tell me where _now? A)you are living B) do you live C)you live D)did you live8)He didnt know _he should go or not. A)if B) weather C)that D)whether 练习题目二1. Miss Green didnt
11、tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she liveB. Where she livesC. where did she liveD. where she lived2. Would you please tell me _?A. when did he come homeB. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the filmD. why he didnt watch the game3. I dont know when _.A. will the train leaveB. the train will
12、 leave C. would the train leaveD. the train leave4. -We dont know _.It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he isB. if he lives here C. where he comes fromD. which country is he from5. What did Mike say? He said _ 。 A. if you are free the next weekB. what colour was it C. the weather is fineD.
13、 summer comes after spring6. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry3. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car4
14、. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months a year D. when they will leave 5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you liveB. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in6. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
