2019中考英语 定语从句系统讲与练 外研版

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1、2019中考英语:定语从句系统讲与练一定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.二、定语从句的关系词 关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格 whom,所有 格whose)等; 关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性

2、定语从句及非限制性定语从句。1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉的话,主句的意思就不完整,意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词,如:I was the only person in my office who was invited.2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对其附加说明,也就是讲即便去掉定语从句,句意也不受影响,仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制

3、性定语从句,如: Michael Jaskon, who is the greatest singer in the world, passed away in 2010.如: Mary lived in the city of Hongkong, where used to be a small poor countryside.四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. ( 语) 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat (

4、that)I put on the desk is blue. ( 语) 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。 例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. ( 语) 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。 The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. ( 语) 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom在定语从句中充当宾语,常可

5、省略。在口语中,有时可用who代替 whom, 也可省略。例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. ( 语)经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。 Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 4. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语. 可译为“的”例如: He has a friend whose father i

6、s a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替例如 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow

7、? 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Do you know the girl with whom your teacher is talking.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找

8、的那个人。(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:The city that/which she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。(4)指物时关系词只能用that的情况:a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything

9、, none, the one等不定代词时, 只能用that,而不用which.例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时, 只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well

10、the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。g.关系代词作表语时一般不用who,而用that。如:He is no

11、t the man that he was. 他不是从前的他了。(从句中that是was的表语)(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that. 例如:Tom came back, which made

12、us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。This is the house where (in which) he lives.(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often l

13、ate for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。六、了解关系副词与关系代词转换规律关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代词whom (先行词指人)/which(先行词指物)引导定语从句(这种方法更为正式)。例:Mary is the girl whom I borrowed a book from. = Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book. 玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。Is this the room that/which he once lived in? = Is th

14、is the room in which he once lived? =Is this the room where he once lived? 这是他曾经住过的房子吗?常见的有以下几种情况:1. where=in/on which 例:This is the room where / in which he lives. 这是他住的房间。I can see the playground where / on which they do sports.我能看见他们进行运动的操场。2. when= on/in/at which 例:I still remember the year when

15、/ in which I joined the Party.我仍然记得入党的那一年。I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天。I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched.我仍然记得那个火箭发射的时刻。3. why=for which 例:This is the reason why / for which he was killed. 这是他被杀害的原因。但下列情况下介词不能提前:用who代替whom,用that代替which时,介词不能提前。例:Hes the boy who I learned English from.这是我向他学英语的男孩。This should be the place that Tom sent the parcel to. 这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。当whom、which省去时介词不能提前。例:Is he the boy you went there with?他是和你一

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