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1、Unit1,Great scientists,expert attend physician expose challenge victim,adj. 熟练的; 经验丰富的 n. 专家; 行家 vt. 照顾; 出席; 参加 n. 医师 vt. 暴露; 揭露; 使曝光 n. 挑战 vi. 向挑战 n. 受害者,absorb suspect enquiry neighbourhood severe pump,vt. 吸收; 吸引; 使专心 vt. 怀疑 n. 被怀疑者; 嫌疑犯 n. 询问 n. 附近; 临近 adj. 严重的;严厉的 n. 泵; 抽水机 vt. (用泵) 抽 (水),forese
2、e blame pollute handle announce instruct,vt. 预见; 预知 n. 责备; 谴责 vt. 过失; 责备 vt. 污染; 弄脏 n. 柄; 把手 vt. 处理; 操纵 vt. 宣布; 通告 vt.命令; 指示; 教导,exposeto linkto,使显露; 暴露 将和联系或连接起来,Expressions preview,Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in small groups the stages in setting out a new s
3、cientific idea.,Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question Find a problem Analyse the result Find supporting evidence,Pre-reading,After reading the passage on page 2, put the correct stages into the reading about research into a disease.,Infectious diseases can be spread to
4、other people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious disease, so may animals, such as bird flu. AIDS, SARS are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure.,What do you know about infectious diseases?,Cholera is the
5、 illness caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. It infects peoples intestines(肠), causing diarrhea and leg cramps (抽筋).,What do you know about cholera?,The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated(污染) with the bacteria.,Cholera can be
6、 mild(不严重的) or even without immediate symptoms(症状), but a severe case can lead to death without immediately treatment.,JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”,Reading,7 Make a conclusion 3 Think of a method 4 Collect results 2 Make a question 1 Find a problem 5 Analyse the results 6 Find supporting evidenc
7、e,The stages in examining a new scientific idea.,First we should find the problem. Then, think of a method. We should collect as much information as possible. Analyzing results is the most important stage. Before we make a conclusion, it is necessary for us to find supporting evidence.,Read the pass
8、age and number these events in the order that they happened.,_ John Snow began to test two theories. _ An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854. _ John Snow marked the deaths on a map.,_ He announced that the water carried the disease. _ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was ver
9、y severe. _ King Cholera was defeated. _ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump. _ He had the handle removed from the water pump.,_ John Snow began to test two theories. _ An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854. _ John Snow marked the deaths on a map. _ He announced that the wate
10、r carried the disease.,1,2,4,7,_ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe. _ King Cholera was defeated. _ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump. _ He had the handle removed from the water pump.,8,3,6,5,John Snow,(1813-1858),John Snow was born in York on
11、 March 15th, 1813, the oldest of nine children.,His father worked as a laborer. While poor, his parents were determined to give their children whatever educational opportunities they could afford. He was educated at a private school in his native city until the age of fourteen, when he was apprentic
12、ed(当学徒) to William Hardcastle, a surgeon(外科医生) living at Newcastle-on-Tyne.,After serving for a short time as a surgeon and unqualified assistant during the cholera epidemic of 1831-1982, he became in October 1836 a student at the Hunterian School of medicine in Great Windmill Street, London. He beg
13、an to attend the medical practice at the Westminster Hospital in the following October.,He graduated M.D. of the University of London on 20 Dec. 1844, and in 1850 he was admitted a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians.,He designed a chloroform inhaler(氯仿吸入器), described in his book, On Chlor
14、oform and other Anesthetics, published in 1858.,Dr. Snow was also a prominent anesthesiologist (麻醉师).,2 Read the passage again and answer these questions.,1 John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?,2 Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give
15、 a reason.,3 Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?,1 John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?,John Snow finally proved his ideas because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and w
16、as to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.,2 Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.,No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identity those households that had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the po
