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1、Unit Seven The Future of Vehicles,Task 1 Prius-Hybrid Vehicle,paragraph,To answer the question why Prius consumes fuel so little, we have to make clear what is under the hatch cover. Prius uses THS- (the second generation of Toyota Hybrid System) as its power. Generally speaking, if the engine and t
2、he motor are the same, the power mainly depends on how does the two (engine and motor) work together? There are three forms: Concatenation, parallel connection and series multiple. Concatenation is often seen in Coaster. Honda usually uses parallel connection, like Accord and Civic. What is used in
3、Prius is a kind of series multiple.,When the engine is running, some part of its power directly passes to wheel. Other part goes through an alternator becoming electric power, which joint with the electric power from the cell. And then, the electric power goes through a motor becoming the driving po
4、wer to drive the wheels. Now, lets have a look at the five different working satiations of Prius detailed. Start/low speed When starting and running at low speed, only batteries provide the power. The electric power comes from the cells, then to motor, which drive the wheels. What is used in Prius i
5、s a new Nickel metal hydride batteries. It is outstanding in power density (35% higher than the eld ones), and much lighter(25% lighter than the old ones). Normal speed You see, at normal speed, the power is from two ways. One is directly from the engine; other one is from the motor. A part of engin
6、es energy goes through the motor, then become the electric power to drive wheel. Cells do not work in this process.,High speed There are two power lines too. Of course, a part of engines power drives the wheel directly. Other part goes through an alternator becoming electric power, which joint with
7、the electric power from the cell. And then, the electric power goes through a motor becoming the driving power to drive the wheels. when the car runs at high speed, cells begin to work to provide more power. speed-down/brake When the car speeds down or brakes, the motor works as an alternator. It ch
8、anges kinetic energy of the wheel to electric power, which is stored in the Nickel metal hydride batteries. It is one of the reasons why Prius uses so little fuel. This is useful if you are driving in city that you have to decelerate constantly. Stop When parking, the engine stops automatically. Thi
9、s will not lead to unnecessary fuel consuming, emission of CO, HC or NO. So you see Prius is a environment-friendly vehicle too.,Words & expressions futuristic 未来感的 parallel connection 并联 symbol 标志，象征 series multiple 混联 in the hell 到底 alternator 交流发电机 hybrid 混合的 cell 电池 versatile 多功能的 Nickel metal h
10、ydride battery 镍氢电池 environment-friendly 环保的 density 密度 creativity 创造力 kinetic 动力学的 Concatenation 串联 parallel 平行的,Task 2 Electric Vehicle,paragraph,Electric vehicle An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle with one or more electric motors for propulsion. This is also referred to as an electric drive ve
11、hicle. The motion may be provided either by wheels or propellers driven by rotary motors, or in the case of tracked vehicles, by linear motors. Unlike an internal combustion engine (ICE) that is tuned to specifically operate with a particular fuel such as gasoline or diesel, an electric drive vehicl
12、e needs electricity, which comes from sources such as batteries or a generator. This flexibility allows the drive train of the vehicle to remain the same, while the fuel source can be changed. The electricity used to propel the vehicle may be provided in many different ways, the energy can come from
13、 any source, fossil fuels, nuclear power, tidal power, solar, wind etc. and this energy can either be supplied to the vehicle continuously as it is used or stored in the vehicle in some way, such as batteries or fuel cells.,Energy and motors Most large electric transport systems are powered by stati
14、onary sources of electricity that are directly connected to the vehicles through wires. Electric traction allows the use of regenerative braking, in which the motors are used as brakes and become generators that transform the motion of, usually, a train into electrical power that is then fed back in
15、to the lines. This system is particularly advantageous in mountainous operations, as descending vehicles can produce a large portion of the power required for those ascending. This regenerative system is only viable if the system is large enough to utilize the power generated by descending vehicles.
16、 In the systems above motion is provided by a rotary electric motor. However, it is possible to “unroll“ the motor to drive directly against a special matched track. These linear motors are used in maglev trains which float above the rails supported by magnetic levitation. This allows for almost no rolling resistance of the vehicle and no mechanical wear and tear of the train or track. Levitation and forward motion are two independent effects; the forward motive force n
